The Arrow of Time and the Nature of Probability

"All right, now that we have the Many-Worlds Interpretation and Euclidean Wormholes connecting Quantum Parallel Universes, we can return to the reality closely tied to everyone's everyday lives."

The young man in the sailor cap snapped his fingers, and a gleaming silver coin appeared in his hand.

"Now we can explain the nature of randomness and probability in the universe."

He lightly tossed the coin. It rose and fell along a trajectory described by Classical Mechanics equations, landing in his palm heads-up.

"After a single toss, the coin in my palm has landed heads-up."

"But according to the Many-Worlds Interpretation, both heads and tails occurred simultaneously. These two coins are respectively located in two Quantum Parallel Universes."

"Likewise, I, the observer tossing the coin, was copied along with it into two versions. One observed heads, while the other observed tails."

As the young man in the sailor cap spoke, two identical copies appeared behind him, each holding a coin showing heads and tails respectively.

"Next comes the second toss."

The two copies tossed their coins at the same time. The instant the coins landed, four new copies appeared in the room, holding four coins.

The third time, the fourth time, the fifth time, the sixth time.

In the blink of an eye, the coins rose and fell. After merely fifty tosses, the young man in the sailor cap had already gained tens of trillions of copies.

The originally cramped room expanded many times over with the tossing of the coins, enough to accommodate copies numbering hundreds of thousands of times more than Earth's total population.

Qi Zhengyan looked at the dense mass of copies behind the young man, then at the coins in their palms, some heads and some tails. His gaze narrowed slightly.

The Red Ball engraved with a