Chapter Summaries

Ling Pengyun agreed to help Ling Chengxin mature her newly improved Xin Hai Spirit Rice in the clan’s Third Rank Spirit Plant Garden and encouraged her to aim for Third Rank high-grade spirit rice. Their conversation then turned to her cultivation and the recent return of Ling Lihao, Ling Wanhuan, and Ling Wanhui to the valley.

• Ling Pengyun proposed transplanting Ling Chengxin’s unfamiliar spirit rice into the Third Rank Spirit Plant Garden and using his spirit plant techniques to mature it within about a year.
• Ling Chengxin accepted, and Ling Pengyun encouraged her not to worry about the rice’s grade and to set her sights on improving Third Rank high-grade spirit rice.
• Ling Pengyun asked whether Ling Chengxin had encountered difficulties in cultivation or the spirit plant path while Yan Siyi was in seclusion.
• Ling Chengxin said Ling Lihao had recently resolved her questions about both cultivation and spirit plants.
• Ling Pengyun asked if Ling Lihao, Ling Wanhuan, and Ling Wanhui had returned to the valley to team up and hunt demons in the Frost Forest Region.

Ling Chengxin learned that Ling Wanhuan, Ling Lihao, and Ling Wanhui had brought a Second Rank Mu Qing Date Spirit Tree back from the Frost Forest. Ling Pengyun privately called the three young cultivators into his cave abode, while Ling Chengxin examined the tree and discovered its unusually powerful vitality and spiritual power.

• Ling Chengxin told Ling Pengyun that Ling Wanhuan had refused to take her to the Frost Forest because her cultivation was too low, and Ling Pengyun reassured her.
• Ling Pengyun gave Ling Chengxin access to the high-grade Spirit Plant Garden and asked her to have Ling Lihao, Ling Wanhuan, and Ling Wanhui meet with him when they returned.
• A little over half a month later, Ling Chengxin and the three young cultivators visited Ling Pengyun, and Ling Wanhuan reported that their trip had succeeded.
• Ling Wanhuan presented the Mu Qing Date Spirit Tree, spirit dates, and demon beast meat to Ling Pengyun, who accepted some dates and all the meat.
• Ling Pengyun invited Ling Lihao, Ling Wanhuan, and Ling Wanhui into his cave abode for a private discussion, while Ling Chengxin examined the tree and sensed its exceptional vitality and spiritual power.

Ling Pengyun assigned Ling Wanhuan and Ling Wanhui to establish a Ling Clan branch in the Central Province Cultivation World, promising to support their future Golden Core breakthroughs. He kept Ling Lihao out of the mission because of his Heavenly Spirit Root, but told him the clan now needed him to shoulder greater responsibilities.

• Ling Pengyun asked Ling Wanhuan and Ling Wanhui to establish a branch faction in the Central Province Cultivation World, and both agreed in hopes of earning a Golden Core opportunity.
• Ling Pengyun said Ling Lihao would stay behind to improve his spirit plant skills, while Ling Wanhui suspected that Lihao's concealed cultivation was greater than he let on.
• Ling Pengyun revealed his plan to use the White Shadow Secret Realm's spirit beasts and Ling Wanhuan's White Shadow Sect inheritance to support the branch faction, then placed restrictions on Ling Wanhuan and Ling Wanhui to keep the plan secret.
• Ling Pengyun told Ling Lihao that branch factions would serve as retreats in a future crisis and that Lihao must begin taking part in the clan's major affairs.
• Ling Pengyun reflected on Ling Yunhong's past contributions to the clan and hoped that Ling Lihao would one day rise to forge his own legend.

Ling Pengyun gathered the Ling Clan’s Golden Core cultivators and revealed the White Shadow Secret Realm, where he planned to lead an assault against three traitorous Demon Race factions. The clan prepared to mobilize most of its strength, including the Frosty Spirit Tree and fifteen demonic corpses, for the coming battle.

• Ling Pengyun learned that Ling Lihao had reached Middle-Stage Foundation Establishment, advanced in body refinement, and mastered powerful water techniques, then assigned him a heavy responsibility.
• Ling Chengxin successfully cultivated a new middle-grade spirit rice whose grains held abundant Water Spiritual Energy.
• Yan Siyi emerged from seclusion after advancing to the Golden Core Sixth Layer with the help of a Creation Purple Cloud Pill.
• Ling Chengping joined the Ling Clan’s Golden Core ranks after reaching the Golden Core Realm the previous year.
• Ling Pengyun revealed the White Shadow Secret Realm to the gathered clan cultivators and explained that taking it required defeating three Demon Race factions with at least five Golden Core Completion demon kings.
• Ling Pengyun proposed taking nearly all the clan’s Golden Core cultivators, the Frosty Spirit Tree, and fifteen demonic corpses to the secret realm, while leaving Ling Chengping and Ling Pengxing behind.

Ling Pengyun led Ling Clan Golden Core cultivators to the Central Province to help Bei Shan Zhenren reclaim the White Shadow Secret Realm, while keeping their clan ties and the mission secret. At the entrance, Bei Shan Zhenren introduced his daughter Lin Yating, and both groups prepared to bind their alliance with a new contract before entering the dangerous realm.

• Ling Yunhong and the other Golden Core cultivators agreed to Ling Pengyun's plan, while Ling Pengxing accepted that he could not join the expedition and vowed to aid the clan during the Demon Beast Uprising.
• Ling Pengyun placed restrictions in everyone's Sea of Consciousness, then led Yan Siyi, Ling Yunhong, and the others toward the Central Province while Ling Chengping and Ling Pengxing stayed behind to guard clan territory and the Ghost Nurturing Grounds.
• After traveling through teleportation arrays for a year, Ling Pengyun's party reached the White Shadow Secret Realm entrance beneath a cliff in the Earth Splitting Bear Clan's territory.
• Bei Shan Zhenren and his wife greeted Ling Pengyun and introduced their daughter Lin Yating, a young Golden Core cultivator who had joined the expedition.
• Ling Pengyun offered to have the nine cultivators traveling with him and Lin Yating sign a new Alliance Contract, and introduced his companions under false names without revealing their Ling Clan ties.

Ling Pengyun, Bei Shan Zhenren, and their demon allies entered the White Shadow Secret Realm and planned to destroy the three traitorous demon clans. They infiltrated the Cloud Touching Hurricane Ape Clan’s stronghold, leaving them hidden beneath the residence of its Golden Core Completion leader.

• Bei Shan Zhenren had Lin Yating, Ling Yunhong, and the other Ling Clan cultivators sign a Soul Contract before the group waited half a year for the secret realm to open.
• Ling Pengyun opened the entrance, and his group entered the White Shadow Secret Realm before traveling toward Technique Mountain under the White Shadow Escape Technique.
• Bei Shan Zhenren, Ling Pengyun, the Flame Demon Wolf King, and the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King reunited and assessed the forces of the three traitorous demon clans.
• The four planners agreed that Bei Shan Zhenren’s Vein-Seeking Escape Technique would be key to defeating their enemies, then traveled toward Cloud Touching Forest.
• Bei Shan Zhenren used his technique to carry Ling Pengyun and the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King through the Cloud Touching Mountain Valley’s protective array and into the depths of the Cloud Touching Hurricane Ape stronghold.

Ling Pengyun and the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King launched a surprise attack on the Cloud Touching Hurricane Ape King, but its powerful body and defensive divine power let it survive. Ling Pengyun and the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King broke through its barrier, leaving the Ape King exposed to their assault.

• Bei Shan Zhenren used the Vein-Seeking Escape Technique to bring Ling Pengyun and the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King close to the Cloud Touching Hurricane Ape King.
• The Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King charged the Ape King while Ling Pengyun unleashed his attacks and Profound Lightning, but the Ape King survived behind its Cloudveil Azure Barrier.
• The Cloud Touching Hurricane Ape King summoned its armor and Spirit Treasure Prototypes, then crushed a token and attacked the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King with a formation artifact and its fists.
• The Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King used the White Shadow Thousand Flowing Water to hinder the Ape King and its bronze mountain, while Ling Pengyun replenished his spiritual power with the Ren Water Blue Cloud Grass.
• Ling Pengyun's twin Profound Lightning attacks widened cracks in the Ape King's barrier, and the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King struck the weakened spot and blasted a gap through it.

Ling Pengyun and the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King joined forces with Ling Pengyun’s spirit beasts, demonic corpses, and spirit plants to kill the Moyun Hurricane Ape King. They killed several more Golden Core ape demons before the remaining apes formed defensive arrays, leaving the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King back behind Bei Shan Zhenren’s formations.

• Bei Shan Zhenren warned Ling Pengyun and the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King that the surrounding demon kings were attacking his formations and would soon break through.
• Ling Pengyun summoned three beast puppets, his spirit beasts, the Thorn Vine, and the third-generation Ten Thousand Jade Blood Jade Fruit Tree to attack the Moyun Hurricane Ape King.
• The Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King’s Two-Colored Profound Lightning shattered the ape king’s treasure armor, and the group’s combined attacks killed it within three breaths.
• The Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King gathered the ape king’s remains and artifacts and handed them to Ling Pengyun to manage as their agreed spoils.
• The Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King and Ling Pengyun killed three more Golden Core Initial Stage ape demons, but the remaining apes formed grand arrays that halted further attacks.

Ling Pengyun, Bei Shan Zhenren, and the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King escaped Cloud Touching Forest and lured allied demon reinforcements into the Flame Demon Wolf King's traps. The Ling Clan ambushed the remaining Cloud Touching Hurricane Apes, and the coordinated battles began to inflict heavy casualties on both fronts.

• Ling Pengyun's group held off the Cloud Touching Hurricane Apes until the Flame Demon Wolf King's signal appeared, then Bei Shan Zhenren used the Vein-Seeking Escape Technique to lead them out of the forest.
• Ling Pengyun and his companions found more than twenty Two-Headed Jade Scale Snake and Red-Eyed Golden Scale Crocodile demon kings trapped in the Flame Demon Wolf King's Quasi Fourth Rank array, with their communications blocked by Azure Water True Person's Shielding Spirit Talisman.
• Ling Pengyun, Bei Shan Zhenren, and the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King attacked the Golden Core Completion Two-Headed Jade Scale Snake from underground while the array prevented the other trapped demon kings from intervening.
• Yan Siyi, Ling Yunhong, the Ling Clan's Golden Core cultivators, demon corpses, Frosty Spirit Tree, and Bei Shan Furen's group ambushed the Cloud Touching Hurricane Apes as they left the forest to aid their allies.
• Yan Siyi and the others trapped the ape demons in a Quasi Fourth Rank killing array, killed a Golden Core Middle Stage ape demon, and wiped out thousands of lower-rank apes before the survivors raised defensive arrays.

Ling Pengyun and his allies killed a Golden Core Completion Two-Headed Azure Scale Snake, prompting the Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King to rush toward them and offer cooperation. Ling Pengyun refused and led a retreat, while the enraged Snake King pursued them.

• Ling Pengyun, Bei Shan Zhenren, and their allies defeated and killed the Golden Core Completion Two-Headed Azure Scale Snake outside Cloud Touching Forest.
• The Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King sensed its descendant’s death, recognized Ling Pengyun and Bei Shan Zhenren as White Shadow Sect inheritors, and hurried toward them with Golden Core Azure Scale Snakes.
• Ling Pengyun ordered a retreat, and his allies escaped using underground travel, an escape technique, and the Frosty Spirit Tree’s Jia Mu Escape Technique.
• The Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King offered resources and Nascent Soul Spirit Objects in exchange for help leaving the secret realm, but Ling Pengyun ignored the offer because he did not trust the snake clan.
• The Snake King threatened to keep the cultivators in the secret realm and pursued them with its Azure Scale Snakes, while the Red-Eyed Golden Crocodiles hesitated.

The Red-Eyed Golden Scale Crocodile Clan’s Grand Elder chose to shadow Ling Pengyun’s group rather than join the fight, while the Cloud Touching Hurricane Apes withdrew to protect their clan. At White Shadow Lake, Ling Pengyun and the flood dragons repelled the Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King, who then surrounded the lake and sent out communication talismans.

• The Red-Eyed Golden Scale Crocodile Grand Elder rejected a direct pursuit, sent weaker crocodiles back to report, and covertly followed Ling Pengyun’s group.
• The Cloud Touching Hurricane Apes decided not to pursue the cultivators who had killed their Clan Head and returned to their territory.
• Ling Pengyun and his allies reached White Shadow Lake, where its protective array blocked the Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King and his twenty-five Golden Core snakes.
• The Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King explained the cultivators’ plan to his clan, and the White Shadow Lake demons joined forces with Ling Pengyun’s group.
• The Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King, the Ink Flood Dragon, and Ling Pengyun repelled the Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King’s forces in their first clash.
• The Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King surrounded White Shadow Lake from afar and activated several communication talismans.

Ling Pengyun and his allies annihilated the Cloud Touching Hurricane Ape Clan while the Chi Ming Crocodile King marched to reinforce White Shadow Lake. After looting the ape demons’ stronghold, the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King proposed sneaking into Two-Headed Valley to claim the Profound Heaven Water and help him break through to the Nascent Soul Realm.

• The Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King warned Chi Ming that cultivators and Dragon Abyss and Flame Demon had killed his descendant and Mo Gang, prompting Chi Ming to lead the Red-Eyed Golden Scale Crocodiles toward White Shadow Lake.
• Ling Pengyun, Bei Shan Zhenren, Dragon Abyss, and their allies ambushed the Cloud Touching Hurricane Apes in Cloud Touching Forest with a Quasi Fourth Rank killing formation and concealment talisman.
• Ling Pengyun and the others killed the apes and their low-rank demons, then Bei Shan Zhenren used the Vein-Seeking Escape Technique to help Ling Pengyun clear Cloud Touching Valley.
• Bei Shan Zhenren reported that they had found no spiritual items because the ape clan’s treasure sites were protected by additional formations.
• The Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King proposed sneaking into Two-Headed Valley to take the Quasi Fourth Rank Profound Heaven Water and asked Ling Pengyun to help him break through to the Nascent Soul Realm outside the secret realm.

Ling Pengyun rejected dismantling the Spirit Pool formation before securing victory, then led the group in stripping Cloud Touching Valley of its treasures. Their haul included abundant spirit resources, while Ling Pengyun also discovered the Cloud Touching Four-Hand Evolution Method and learned the dangerous history behind the valley's mutated demon beasts.

• Ling Pengyun refused to dismantle the Spirit Pool formation, explaining that doing so could leave the Spirit Pool exposed if their forces failed to defeat the Two-Headed Azure Scale Snake Clan.
• Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King agreed with Ling Pengyun, and the group entered Cloud Touching Valley with Bei Shan Zhenren's Vein-Seeking Escape Technique.
• Ling Pengyun stopped Bei Shan Zhenren from breaking the valley's formations, intending to find their Formation Plates and preserve the formations for later use.
• Ling Pengyun and the others spent half a day collecting treasures, including Gold Fiend Stone Crystals, spirit veins, spirit trees, spirit pools, and cultivation resources.
• Ling Pengyun found the Cloud Touching Four-Hand Evolution Method, which described how the first-generation Cloud Touching Hurricane Apes, Two-Headed Azure Scale Snakes, and Red-Eyed Golden Scale Crocodiles had mutated at the cost of severely shortened lifespans.

Ling Pengyun learned how the Cloud Touching Hurricane Apes had refined their mutation methods, then rested with his allies after destroying their clan. Meanwhile, the siege of White Shadow Lake faltered when Chi Ming withdrew to defend his clan’s treasure vault, leaving the Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King worried about the remaining attackers’ chances.

• Ling Pengyun learned that the Cloud Touching Four-Hand Evolution Method improved mutation odds and reduced its risks, and that the Cloud Touching Fist Technique was a bloodline inheritance.
• Ling Pengyun kept the Cloud Touching Hurricane Ape Clan’s spoils and led his exhausted allies in restoring their spiritual power at Cloud Touching Valley.
• More than a hundred thousand demon beasts, including over sixty Golden Core Demon Kings, continued attacking White Shadow Lake’s array while the Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King wondered why Dragon Abyss and the human cultivators had not acted.
• The Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King sent its Golden Core Ninth Layer Second Elder to demand that the Cloud Touching Hurricane Apes join the siege.
• Chi Ming learned that his clan’s treasure vault array had been triggered and led his Golden Core great crocodiles away from White Shadow Lake.
• The Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King suspected the Flame Demon Wolves had attacked the Red-Eyed Golden Scale Crocodile Clan and feared the remaining forces could not take White Shadow Lake without Chi Ming’s clan.

The Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King intensified the assault on White Shadow Lake while the Flame Demon Wolf King used a Spirit Treasure Prototype to hold off the attackers. Meanwhile, Ling Pengyun, the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King, and Bei Shan Zhenren ambushed the Red-Nether Old Crocodile and its returning forces in Red-Eye Swamp, where the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King battled the crocodile’s powerful treasures.

• The Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King returned to the White Shadow Lake battlefield and joined the assault, increasing pressure on the Lake Protection Array.
• The Flame Demon Wolf King unleashed white flames from a Spirit Treasure Prototype as the defenders and their low-level beasts committed their full strength to the battle.
• Ling Pengyun, the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King, and Bei Shan Zhenren ambushed the Red-Nether Old Crocodile and twenty-one Golden Core demon crocodiles with a killing formation in Red-Eye Swamp.
• The Red-Nether Old Crocodile recognized the attackers and demanded to know how they had entered its territory and what they had done to its clan repository.
• The Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King and the Red-Nether Old Crocodile exchanged spells and Spirit Treasure Prototype attacks, with the crocodile’s third eye shifting the duel in its favor.

Ling Pengyun operated the Quasi Fourth Rank Limitless White Flame Sky Burning Array while his spirit plants and spirit beasts joined the attack on the crocodile demons. The Black Armored Turtle killed the first crocodile demon, and the battle continued with the others still engaged.

• Ling Pengyun activated the array and summoned the Ten Thousand Jade Blood Jade Fruit Tree, Thorn Vine, Black Armored Turtle, and Wind Shadow Peng to support the assault.
• The Ten Thousand Jade Blood Jade Fruit Tree used its roots, leaves, and lifebound flying sword to suppress five Golden Core Initial Stage crocodiles.
• The Thorn Vine drew power from underground earth and wood veins, transformed into a Thorn Python, and battered a Golden Core Middle Stage crocodile alongside the array’s flames.
• The Black Armored Turtle attacked a Golden Core Middle Stage crocodile with its mountain treasure and Water Flood Dragon Art, then killed it with nine Third Rank Middle Grade needles.
• The Black Armored Turtle turned to fight another crocodile while the Wind Shadow Peng battled a different one with its Wind Shadow Blades and feather attacks.

Ling Pengyun’s formation trapped the demon crocodiles, but the Crimson Yin Great Crocodile threatened to break through its barrier. The Ling Clan’s reinforcements arrived and focused their combined attacks on holding it back.

• Ling Pengyun watched as the Crimson Yin Great Crocodile battered the formation’s trapping screen with its body and gang-breaking light.
• The Frosty Spirit Tree appeared with Yan Siyi and eleven other allies, and Ling Pengyun ordered them to stop the crocodile.
• Yan Siyi, Ling Yunhong, Ling Pengqiu, and the Fire Flood Dragon attacked the Crimson Yin Great Crocodile with fire techniques and treasures.
• Ling Penglin strengthened the formation while Ling Chengxin, Ling Pengshan, Ling Chengxia, Ling Chengyuan, and Lin Fan added their attacks.
• Ling Wanchuan’s sword-qi threads wore down the crocodile’s defensive screens, while Bei Shan Furen held back two other Golden Core Middle Stage crocodiles with her illusions.

Ling Pengyun’s forces overwhelmed and destroyed the Red-Eyed Golden Scale Crocodile Clan after Flame Demon reinforcements joined the battle. With Red-Nether Old Crocodile and the Crimson Yin Great Crocodile dead, the victors hurried to White Shadow Lake, only to find the Azure Scale Snake Clan had already withdrawn.

• Lin Yating deployed an offensive formation while Yan Siyi and the Ling Clan cultivators sent their Golden Core Demon Corpses against the crocodiles, letting the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King press Red-Nether Old Crocodile.
• More than twenty Golden Core Demon Kings arrived as reinforcements and joined Ling Pengyun’s side, breaking the crocodiles’ defenses and killing them one by one.
• The Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King learned that the Cloud Touching Hurricane Ape Clan had been wiped out and sent around ten Golden Core Azure Scale Snakes to aid Red-Nether Old Crocodile.
• The Azure Scale Snake reinforcements fled after seeing the overwhelming force in Red-Eye Swamp, while Ling Pengyun’s group continued killing the remaining crocodiles.
• Ling Pengyun’s fifty Golden Core combatants killed Red-Nether Old Crocodile and the Crimson Yin Great Crocodile, then headed for White Shadow Lake.
• The Azure Scale Snake Clan and its subordinate Golden Core demon races had already retreated from White Shadow Lake to Two-Headed Valley.

After Two-Headed Valley’s formation fell, Ling Pengyun, the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King, and the Flame Demon Wolf King confronted the Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King. The snake unleashed overwhelming three-element spells with its Spirit Treasure Prototype crowns, leaving Ling Pengyun wary and intrigued by the possibility that the clan could induce three-headed mutations.

• Bei Shan Zhenren repeatedly infiltrated Two-Headed Valley with Ling Pengyun and the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King, helping kill more than thirty enemy Golden Core Demon Kings over a month.
• Ling Pengyun’s coalition broke Two-Headed Valley’s Quasi Fourth Rank Valley Protection Array on the fortieth day of its assault.
• Ling Pengyun, the Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King, and the Flame Demon Wolf King charged the Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King after the array fell.
• The Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King used its Three Yuan Pure Yang Crown and three heads to unleash a relentless barrage of powerful metal-, water-, and wood-element spells, forcing the three attackers to halt.
• Ling Pengyun recalled that the Azure Scale Snake Clan produced a three-headed snake every two to three thousand years and suspected it possessed a method of inducing the mutation.

Ling Pengyun and his allies defeated the Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King and subdued the remaining forces in Two-Headed Valley. They then found the protected Profound Heaven Spirit Pool and confirmed that its Quasi Fourth Rank spirit water was still there.

• Ling Pengyun, Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King, and the Flame Demon Wolf King pursued the Three-Headed Azure Scale Snake King after it broke the wolf king’s trapping array, then killed it when its strength-enhancing methods wore off.
• Ling Pengyun stopped the Flame Demon Wolf King from destroying the snake’s head, stored the corpse to refine into a corpse puppet, and took its Three Yuan Pure Yang Crown.
• Ling Pengyun and his allies returned to Two-Headed Valley and helped Yan Siyi and the other Golden Core cultivators kill the remaining Golden Core Demon Kings and capture or kill most of the low-level demon beasts.
• Ling Pengshan survived severe injuries after receiving a Third Rank Middle Grade Healing Treasure Pill, while two Golden Core demon clans under the allied top clans lost all their Golden Cores.
• Ling Pengyun, Dragon Abyss Flood Dragon King, the Flame Demon Wolf King, and Bei Shan Zhenren descended into a cave and found the Fourth Rank array protecting the Profound Heaven Spirit Pool.
• Ling Pengyun saw that the pool still contained at least five portions of Quasi Fourth Rank Profound Heaven Water, the rare spirit object he had sought for decades.