In June 1801, Portugal, France, and Spain signed the Treaty of Badajoz.
On the last day of that same month, Cardinal Caprara arrived in Paris to replace the kidnapped Papal Secretary of State as the official papal ambassador.
The kidnapping took place after he arrived in France. Caprara had received an invitation and traveled by carriage from Paris to Rambouillet for a banquet, only to be attacked while passing through the forest.
Quite a few officers had been hunting in the forest at the time, so security had been lax. By the time they found the ambassador's carriage, no one was inside. A living, breathing man had simply vanished in broad daylight.
Olivenza was an inland city famed for its tangerines. After occupying the place, Godoy picked a batch of the finest oranges for the Queen of Spain, which was why this war with Portugal was also called the War of the Oranges.
The Queen of Spain had oranges to eat, and naturally Napoleon had some too. Just as Spain had occupied Olivenza, France had occupied a colony in the Americas. The treaty had originally included commercial privileges for France and barred British ships from docking at Portuguese ports, but when the treaty was formally signed, this was changed to allow British ships holding trade licenses to dock.
These trade licenses were issued by the treasury at one thousand francs apiece. Obtaining one was troublesome, but it was still far better than having goods worth five hundred thousand confiscated all at once.
Godoy wrote in his memorial to the Queen of Spain that he was determined to occupy Lisbon, but that was merely talk. They had failed even to launch a surprise attack on Lisbon from the sea, much less march from inland to the coastal city while capturing forts