Although most readers familiar with the History of Spain would not find the Carlists unfamiliar, there may still be many readers who are unfamiliar with Spanish history or the Carlists. The author will briefly explain the Spanish Carlists here; readers who already understand this period of history may skip it.
Before Queen Isabella, Spain followed male inheritance, so the Carlists had no part to play.
However, Queen Isabella's father, Ferdinand VII, had only two daughters. In order to keep the throne within his own family, Ferdinand hastily amended the inheritance law, granting Isabella the right of succession.
Setting aside the change to the inheritance law, Isabella was only three years old, clearly unfit to become monarch.
This displeased Prince Carlos, Ferdinand VII's younger brother, who should originally have inherited the throne. Together with nobles who supported the Salic Law (male inheritance), they hailed Prince Carlos as Carlos V. This was the origin of the Carlists.
Readers can search Baidu themselves for the several subsequent Carlist Wars. In any case, they all failed.
To sum it up in one sentence, the Carlists were a faction of the House of Bourbon fighting among themselves for the throne, but at the root of it all, they were still the House of Bourbon. (Key point.)
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