The major development of the pharmaceutical industry had, overall, been shaped by East Africa's broader conditions. Just as people in flood-prone places excelled at building water-control works, East Africa's pharmaceutical industry had been born amid relatively harsh sanitary conditions.
Unless medical and public health issues were properly resolved, East Africa would find it difficult to develop, especially in those parts of the country with relatively hot and humid climates—or, in other words, places prone to breeding all kinds of tropical diseases.
This was directly tied to the survival of the people. Thus, even during the poorest colonial era, the East African government had placed medical and public health governance at the forefront of national development.
Kitwe City.
Among East African cities, Kitwe did not appear often in the spotlight, yet it was an industrial city of considerable importance in East African history.
By 1920, Kitwe City's total population had exceeded 300,000. The Copperbelt region where it was located was also East Africa's largest center for nonferrous metal smelting and processing.
Within the Copperbelt, Kitwe City was the second-largest city after Lubumbashi.
During the 1896 changes to the national administrative divisions, Kitwe City had been split off from Swabia Province and placed under the newly created Central Province—the Central Province now centered on Rhine City, East Africa's capital.
Lubumbashi, meanwhile, had retained its status as the provincial capital of Swabia Province. This had steadily widened the gap between the two cities, which was easy enough to understand. As a provincial capital, Lubumbashi ranked higher politically than Kitwe City and enjoyed policy resources far beyond Kitwe City's reach.
Still, this could not for the time being alter Kitwe City's identity and status as one of East Africa's more developed industrial cities. After all, by population, Kitwe ranked among East Africa's top