Without a doubt, excluding Raymond and the people he had brought, the strongest person on Earth at present was undoubtedly the Sorcerer Supreme, The Ancient One, who was only one step away from retirement.
Below her were basically Captain Marvel and Ultron.
As for Hulk...
He had far too many weaknesses, and his combat power was quite unstable.
Thor, meanwhile, was still the crown prince of Asgard and rarely stayed on Earth, so strictly speaking, he could not be included on this list.
Therefore, when Captain Marvel and Ultron began clashing head-on, the entire world felt their earth-shattering power.
In just a few minutes, every satellite orbiting above Sokovia had been destroyed.
Of course, they had not deliberately cleared away the satellites to prevent others from witnessing the battle. Rather, the explosions and shockwaves created by the collision of such immense energies had forcibly destroyed every satellite within their range.
Forget delicate little things like satellites—even slightly smaller space warships could have been turned directly into blazing fireballs.
Before the unreasonable rule-based power of the Infinity Stones, no matter how advanced the technology was, it had to step aside.
Several nearby warships had their shields pierced instantly, followed by violent secondary explosions.
The remaining warships parked in planetary orbit immediately began moving toward the more distant Moon Base. At the same time, they continuously fired all manner of weapons at Ultron and Captain Marvel, who were still fighting, attempting to kill both enormous threats at once.
But unfortunately, neither energy weapons like Lances nor physical weapons like Macro Cannons and nuclear missiles had the slightest effect.
Ultron could freely alter the density of his body, phase through attacks directly, and create shields capable of defending against all energy attacks. In terms of defense, he was completely maxed out.
Captain Marvel