Quantum Electrodynamics! The End of Electromagnetic Interactions! The Beginning of Everything! Reaching the Pinnacle!

Amid everyone's shock, Li Qiwei unveiled Quantum Field Theory's first perfect theory: Quantum Electrodynamics.

In actual history, the birth of Quantum Electrodynamics had been far from smooth sailing.

In 1926, Heisenberg, Born, and Jordan were the first to regard the electromagnetic field as an infinite-dimensional harmonic oscillator.

Heisenberg had used this method when creating Matrix Mechanics; it was simply now being applied to the electromagnetic field.

Yet when the three men quantized the electromagnetic field, they discovered a problem:

"It does not take into account the interaction between the electromagnetic field and charged particles."

As everyone knew, the concept of a field had been proposed precisely to describe "the direction and strength of an attractive force."

If interactions could not be calculated, then such Quantization was meaningless.

You could even use some method to quantize time and consciousness; it would merely be a mathematical game, devoid of physical meaning.

This was Quantum Electrodynamics' first problem.

In 1927, Dirac brilliantly proposed the method of "canonical Quantization."

Canonical Quantization was a mathematical method for quantizing classical theories or concepts.

The word "canonical" itself originated in classical physics, where it denoted "a particular structure" within a theory.

Such a structure was retained in quantum theory as well.

Take fields as an example.

In classical field theory, a field was a function of spacetime, describing the field strength at every point in space.

In Quantum Mechanics, these fields were quantized and became [operators] acting upon quantum states, essentially changing the structure's mathematical form.

This process was canonical Quantization.

Canonical Quantization was also called "second Quantization," meaning that it went a step further than traditional Quantization.

(To thoroughly understand canonical Quantization would require far too much foundational knowledge, so I will not elaborate here.)

Using canonical Quantization, Dirac creatively introduced creation operators and annihilation operators.