Seeing how highly equipped Galdan's army was with firearms, Song Qingshu was full of expectations. From his previous dealings with them and the intelligence gathered afterward, their firearms likely came from the western Principality of Rus.
Besides the wall of fire, their army was also equipped with quite a few cannons. However, they were not the usual cumbersome heavy artillery, but small cannons strapped to camel humps, hence the name Camel Cannons.
The Mongol Empire had been on the Western Expedition for so many years that they had naturally encountered firearms before. Their army did have some as well, but they had not brought them on this campaign. They needed to march swiftly, and transporting cannons was inconvenient. They would usually only mobilize artillery when a siege had dragged on for a long time without success.
Yet compared to cannons, they preferred Huihui Cannons. Huihui Cannons were large trebuchets that could often be built from local materials, without affecting the army's mobility. The cannons of this era were too cumbersome, and though more powerful than Huihui Cannons, the difference was not overwhelming. Considering mobility, the Mongols generally used Huihui Cannons.
As for firearms, their close-range power was great, but their range was far inferior to bows. Reloading was also troublesome. By the time cavalry charged into their faces, there would probably only be enough time to fire one or two volleys. For a people like the Mongols, who had grown up on horseback and excelled at archery since childhood, firearms were naturally beneath their contempt.
Temujin's command flags waved, and the generals under his command led the Kheshig Guard as they scattered and attacked Galdan's flanks, looking for turmoil and openings. The instant an opportunity appeared, the Mongol cavalry would tear open a huge gap like sharks, then launch a