The four fundamental forces were the basis of every physical phenomenon humanity could observe. But among the four fundamental forces, some were strong and some weak. The gap between the strong and the weak could span many orders of magnitude.
Of the four fundamental forces, the strong interaction was the strongest, electromagnetism came next, the weak interaction followed, and gravity was the weakest. The strong and weak interactions existed only within atomic nuclei, so the everyday world was made up of electromagnetism and gravity.
The difference between these two forces approached twenty-eight orders of magnitude. That was a factor of ten to the twenty-eighth power.
In other words, below the atomic scale, gravity was utterly overwhelmed by electromagnetism and had almost no effect. Many physical properties of ordinary objects—solid, liquid, gaseous, hardness, density, coefficient of friction, and so on—were determined by electromagnetism.
But gravity had one advantage: its range was infinite, and it could not be blocked. It could be stacked without limit.
On the scale of planets, gravity's effects became extremely apparent.
But below conventional scales, electromagnetism was the stronger force.
This was also the "rule" by which the Tiantian Xiangxing Ruler removed "a certain object" from its original frame of reference. When using the Tiantian Ruler, the electromagnetic interaction between oneself and other objects had to remain below a threshold. Otherwise, the user could only drag the object with which they had electromagnetic interaction into another frame of reference.
Simply put, as long as the person wielding the Tiantian Ruler had their skin touch a solid object [friction was also an expression of electromagnetic interaction], that object would be brought into another frame of reference.
If the friction between that object and another object exceeded a threshold, then the other object would also be forcibly dragged into the