Chapter Summaries

Key Plot Points and Events

• Lucien Bonaparte criticizes British intelligence agencies' inefficiency and lack of professionalism.
• The Ministry of Truth gathers intelligence through legal means, revealing British steelmaking technology and costs.
• Napoleon and his brothers discuss strategies to counter British technological advancements and attract international scientific talent to France.

Character Developments

• Lucien demonstrates his sharp wit and business acumen in proposing the staggered Prometheus Prize.
• Napoleon shows his characteristic decisiveness and willingness to consider new ideas.
• Joseph exhibits his strategic thinking and long-term planning in attracting international scientific talent.

Significant Themes

• The importance of effective intelligence gathering and analysis in countering British advancements.
• The strategic value of attracting international scientific talent to France.
• The role of incentives (like the Prometheus Prize) in driving scientific progress and public interest.

Character Interactions

• Napoleon, Lucien, and Joseph collaborate and challenge each other's ideas, ultimately reaching consensus on their strategies.
• Napoleon and Lucien engage in a playful exchange, with Napoleon dismissing Lucien's cleverness while also acknowledging its value.
• Joseph and Lucien work together to refine the Prometheus Prize concept, with Lucien suggesting a staggered prize structure.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Beethoven returns to Vienna after his hearing worsens in Heiligenstadt.
• He discovers a newspaper announcement about the French Academy of Sciences' 'Prometheus' Prize, offering one million francs for significant contributions to exploring the unknown in mathematics and medicine.
• Watt and Murdoch in Britain react to the news, with Watt planning to nominate Carl Friedrich Gauss for the mathematics prize.

Character Developments

• Beethoven: Overcomes despair about his deafness and returns to Vienna, showing resilience and determination.
• Carl Czerny: Beethoven's student who accompanies him, demonstrating adaptability and resourcefulness in securing a newspaper.
• Watt: Shows generosity and support for fundamental scientific research, planning to nominate Gauss for the mathematics prize.
• Murdoch: Expresses curiosity and support for scientific advancements, despite his advanced age and focus on technology.

Significant Themes

• The power of determination and resilience in the face of adversity (Beethoven's deafness).
• The value of fundamental scientific research and its potential rewards.
• The international recognition and competition in scientific advancements.

Character Interactions

• Beethoven and Czerny: Beethoven teases Czerny about his regret in studying music, showing a playful side despite his hearing loss.
• Watt and Murdoch: They discuss the Prometheus Prize, with Watt sharing his insights about the prize's purpose and his plans to nominate Gauss.

Key Plot Points and Events

• A prestigious prize worth 290 kilograms of gold sparks intense interest across Europe.
• The Sun, a British tabloid, shifts focus from the prize to a trivial topic.
• Different European countries react differently to the news:
  • France: Supports the Academy of Sciences and believes the prize will likely go to an Irishman, Dr. Carroll, or a young German, Gauss.
  • Confederation of the Rhine: Hopes Gauss will win but is realistic about the French judging process.
  • Britain: Feels embarrassed and left out as no British mathematician is shortlisted for the prize.

Character Developments

• The British public, particularly university students, question the quality of British education and teachers compared to France.
• British students decide to study in France due to the perceived superiority of French universities.

Significant Themes

• National pride and embarrassment in scientific achievements.
• The impact of education and teachers on a nation's progress.
• The influence of media on public opinion and actions.

Character Interactions

• The British public interacts with the media, leading to self-reflection and change in study habits.
• British students engage with French newspapers, which persuade them to study in France.
• British students compare their universities with French ones, leading to a brain drain.

Key Plot Points and Events

• The Prometheus Prize inspection highlights France's scientific dominance.
• Britain and France reach a trade agreement: Britain's textiles get "free trade status" for a year, conditional on annual review and intellectual property protection.
• The steel industry negotiations stall due to tariff disagreements.
• The French threaten to disrupt free trade with their new, advanced warship.
• Britain and France sign the new Anglo-French Paris Trade Agreement, pausing trade disputes.
• Britain asks France to stop interfering in British strikes; France suggests renaming the Textile Workers' Union to "Textile Workers United Club" for legal circumvention.

Character Developments

• Talleyrand: Maintains a lofty stance while being pragmatic and strategic in negotiations.
• British Delegates: Initially stubborn, they eventually concede to maintain trade relations and avoid French interference.

Significant Themes

• Power dynamics: France's scientific and military advancements give it leverage in negotiations.
• Trade-offs: Both nations make concessions to maintain trade relations and avoid disruptions.
• International relations: The two nations' interactions reflect their complex political and economic entanglements.

Character Interactions

• Talleyrand vs. British Delegates: Talleyrand's diplomatic skills and France's strengths force the British to concede.
• British Delegates among themselves: They debate and strategize, ultimately deciding to back down to preserve trade relations.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Gawain Plan (formerly Fagin) meets with Hubert, the French embassy secretary, to discuss the Textile Workers' Union's situation.
• They discuss renaming the union to avoid legal issues and maintain operations.
• Hubert suggests focusing on universal suffrage to gain more political influence.
• Britain's electoral system is described, with its restrictive voting rights and constituency system favoring conservatives.
• Wealthy industrialists are pushing for electoral reform to better represent their interests.

Character Developments

• Gawain Plan shows steadiness and willingness to learn, taking time to consider Hubert's suggestion about universal suffrage.
• Hubert demonstrates understanding of British politics and the potential benefits of universal suffrage for workers.

Significant Themes

• The struggle for workers' rights and political representation.
• The influence of political systems and electoral rules on power dynamics.
• The importance of education and learning in personal growth and decision-making.

Character Interactions

• Gawain Plan and Hubert discuss strategies for the Textile Workers' Union, with Hubert providing guidance and advice.
• Their interaction shows mutual respect and a shared goal of improving workers' conditions.

Key Plot Points and Events

• The workers' strike ends with the establishment of the "London Textile Workers United Club," similar to the former "United Trade Union."
• The club agrees to increased labor intensity and extended working hours in exchange for financial compensation.
• Management requests worker support for electoral district reform and offers assistance to renovate the club's meeting place and financial compensation for attendance at the petition ceremony.

Character Developments

• Gawain Plan, Fagin's successor, is steady and reliable but not as intelligent or adaptable as Fagin. He is cautious and deliberate in decision-making.
• Napoleon and Joseph argue over who should receive the Prometheus Prize for Mathematics. Napoleon wants to award it to a Frenchman to boost national pride and strengthen the École Normale Supérieure, while Joseph insists on awarding it to Gauss to maintain good relations with the Germans.

Significant Themes

• Power dynamics and balance between labor and management.
• National pride and international relations in the scientific community.
• The role of education and institutions in shaping society and power structures.

Character Interactions

• Gawain Plan interacts with Mr. Raine, management's representative, discussing the terms of the strike's end and potential future cooperation.
• Napoleon and Joseph argue over the Prometheus Prize, revealing their differing priorities and motivations.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Napoleon struggles to convince Joseph to allocate the Prometheus Prize slots fairly, leading to a heated argument.
• Napoleon secures a compromise from Joseph, ensuring slots for the École Normale Supérieure in the next two years.
• Napoleon discusses the distribution of major prizes with Laplace, who agrees to wait an extra year for his prize.
• The Pope and cardinals discuss sending investigators to Austria, deciding to adapt the charges to avoid direct accusation.

Character Developments

• Napoleon shows determination in securing fair prize distribution and organizing the Olympics.
• Joseph displays stubbornness and favoritism towards his students and assistants.
• Laplace shows restraint and understanding in accepting a delayed prize, but also some ambition and concern about potential discoveries by Joseph's students.
• The Pope and cardinals show caution and diplomatic skill in handling the investigation into Franz's actions.

Significant Themes

• Ambition and its consequences (Napoleon's desire for scientific recognition, Joseph's favoritism, Laplace's concern about future discoveries).
• Power dynamics and diplomacy (Napoleon's struggle with Joseph, the Pope's handling of the investigation with Austria).
• Sacrifice and compromise (Laplace's acceptance of a delayed prize, the Pope's adaptation of charges to maintain relationships).

Character Interactions

• Napoleon and Joseph's sibling rivalry and differing views on prize distribution.
• Napoleon and Laplace's discussion on prize distribution, showing Napoleon's consideration for Laplace's feelings and Laplace's restraint.
• The Pope and cardinals' group discussion, demonstrating their collective wisdom and caution in handling international relations.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Construction of a new stadium near Free Palace, which has become a wealthy district.
• Holy See investigates Emperor Franz II of Austria for heresy, leading to his excommunication by Pope Pius VI in February 1804.
• Austria reacts by suspending tithes to the Holy See and later declaring the pope unfit to serve.
• French Academy of Sciences awards the first Prometheus Mathematics Prize (to Gauss) and Prometheus Medical Prize (to Carroll) on the same day as the excommunication, overshadowing the event in media coverage.

Character Developments

• Emperor Franz II gains some respect from his subjects for his resistance against the Holy See.
• Pope Pius VI is portrayed as weak and ineffective in his handling of the situation.

Significant Themes

• The power dynamics between the Church and the state.
• The influence of media and timing on public perception of events.
• The tension between religious authority and scientific progress, symbolized by the awards given to Gauss and Carroll.

Character Interactions

• Nicolas and Fedorov discuss the construction of the stadium and the political situation.
• The Holy See and Austria engage in a diplomatic standoff, with Austria ultimately refusing to recognize the pope's authority.
• The French government and media largely ignore the conflict between the Holy See and Austria, focusing instead on the awards given to Gauss and Carroll.

Summary

Key Plot Points and Events

• The Prometheus Prize incident is resolved, with both the Holy See and Austria maintaining diplomatic relations.
• The focus shifts to the upcoming Olympic Games, with France initiating a torch relay to invite other countries to participate in peace.
• The torch relay route and selection process for torchbearers and athletes are detailed.
• The Holy See, initially reluctant, eventually supports the Olympic Games, with the Pope announcing his attendance.

Character Developments

• Lucien Bonaparte, as the chairman of the French Olympic Committee, shows his organizational skills and diplomatic prowess in planning the torch relay.
• The Pope demonstrates political acumen by supporting the Olympic Games, turning a potential conflict into an opportunity to strengthen the Holy See's influence.

Significant Themes

• Diplomacy and Peace: The Olympic Games and the torch relay serve as a means to foster international cooperation and peace.
• Religion and Politics: The Holy See's initial reluctance and eventual support for the Games highlight the complex relationship between religion and politics.
• Tradition and Innovation: The revival of the Olympic Games with modern adjustments reflects the balance between honoring the past and embracing progress.

Character Interactions

• Lucien Bonaparte interacts with reporters, demonstrating his openness and enthusiasm for the Olympic Games.
• The Pope and a bishop engage with reporters, showcasing their diplomatic skills and ability to navigate complex political and religious landscapes.

Key Plot Points and Events

• The French demand that the Ottoman Empire issue a decree to halt Barbary piracy during the Olympic torch relay, causing temporary instability in the Mediterranean.
• Pauline, Napoleon's sister, embarks on the French Navy's most powerful warship, the Imperator, to Greece to light the Olympic torch.
• Pauline arrives in Athens, greeted by the French ambassador and Ali Pasha, the local governor, who are surprised and displeased by her unconventional appearance and behavior.

Character Developments

• Pauline demonstrates her independence and disregard for societal norms, wearing men's clothing and carrying a revolver.
• Ali Pasha shows reluctance and disapproval towards Pauline's unconventional behavior and presence.

Significant Themes

• Power dynamics and the privilege of the strong (France's demands towards the Ottoman Empire, Pauline's disregard for societal norms).
• The contrast between ancient glory and present decay (the ruined stadium and temples in Athens).

Character Interactions

• Pauline and Ali Pasha: Pauline's unconventional behavior and appearance cause discomfort and disapproval from Ali Pasha, who is forced to welcome her due to France's power.
• Pauline and her retinue: Pauline's disregard for societal norms is accepted and even encouraged by her retinue, reflecting her privileged status.

Key Plot Points and Events

• A French merchant ship, the Tulip, is attacked by Barbary Pirates despite flying the French flag.
• The sole survivor, a sailor, is rescued by Captain Mustafa's ship and brought to Naples.
• Napoleon receives the news and decides to wage war against the Barbary Pirates.

Character Developments

• Captain Mustafa: A weathered, experienced sailor who has served on various ships and now owns his own. He is cautious and resourceful, prioritizing his ship's safety.
• The rescued sailor: Traumatized by the attack, he provides crucial information about the pirates' actions.

Significant Themes

• Piracy and maritime safety: The threat of Barbary Pirates highlights the dangers of sea travel and the importance of naval power.
• French influence and prestige: Napoleon seeks to assert French dominance and secure economic privileges in North Africa through military action.

Character Interactions

• Captain Mustafa and the rescued sailor: Mustafa rescues the sailor and brings him to safety, showing compassion and responsibility.
• Napoleon, Carnot, and Latouche Treville: The three discuss military strategy and the objectives of the upcoming war, demonstrating Napoleon's leadership and the advisors' candor and expertise.

Key Plot Points and Events

• France plans to send warships to escort merchant vessels in the North African coast and inspect suspicious ships, using force if necessary.
• The Barbary States, unable to fulfill France's demands, resort to blame-shifting among themselves to avoid confrontation.
• Pauline, after lighting the Olympic torch, learns about the Barbary pirates' activities and suggests a detour to engage them.

Character Developments

• Pauline Bonaparte: Shows initiative and cunning, using her charm to persuade Berdon to help her engage the Barbary pirates.
• Berdon: Struggles with his feelings for Pauline, trying to maintain a brotherly relationship despite her flirtatious advances.

Significant Themes

• Power Dynamics: The disparity in power between France and the Barbary States is highlighted, with France acting as a 'trawler' and the Barbary States as 'fish' that cannot comprehend the extent of the threat.
• Blame and Responsibility: The Barbary States shift blame among themselves rather than taking responsibility for their actions.
• Manipulation and Influence: Pauline uses her charm to influence Berdon, demonstrating her ability to manipulate others.

Character Interactions

• Pauline and Berdon: Pauline's flirtatious behavior towards Berdon tests his resolve to maintain a brotherly relationship, creating tension between them.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Berdon persuades the captain to make a detour through waters with high pirate activity.
• Pauline invites Berdon to bathe in her room, leading to a tense, ambiguous encounter.
• The ship encounters no pirates, but the French Navy captures a suspected pirate ship.

Character Developments

• Berdon shows initiative in pursuing his goal but is also shown to be vulnerable to Pauline's advances.
• Pauline continues to manipulate and tease Berdon, revealing her manipulative nature.
• Captain Oboyinu demonstrates caution and wisdom in predicting the lack of pirate encounters.

Significant Themes

• Power Dynamics: The power struggle between Berdon and Pauline, and between the French Navy and the suspected pirates.
• Manipulation: Pauline's use of her sexuality and charm to manipulate Berdon.
• Appearance vs Reality: The suspected pirate ship's Spanish flag and empty cargo hold hinting at its true nature.

Character Interactions

• Berdon and Pauline's interactions are charged with sexual tension and power dynamics, with Pauline holding the upper hand.
• The French Navy's interaction with the suspected pirate ship highlights the power imbalance between them.
• Berdon and Captain Oboyinu's interaction shows the captain's reluctance to engage in unnecessary risks.

Key Plot Points and Events

• The French Navy successfully captures and sinks pirate ships, ensuring the safety of Mediterranean shipping routes.
• Admiral Treville warns against piracy, using the metaphor of 'penguins' to emphasize France's global reach.
• The French Navy discovers a new penguin species in Antarctica, inspiring Pauline's 'Pirate Penguin' comic.
• The Spanish Navy joins the French in patrolling the seas, blockading Barbary pirate states' ports.
• The Barbary pashas form an alliance to protect themselves but decide to refrain from raiding to avoid provoking France.
• The Olympic torch relay begins, passing through Turkey and Russia. The Russians welcome the torch enthusiastically, viewing it as recognition of their civilization.

Character Developments

• Admiral Treville demonstrates his power and influence, warning against piracy and using metaphorical language.
• Pauline, inspired by the new penguin discovery, creates the 'Pirate Penguin' comic, showing her creativity and adaptability.
• The Barbary pashas show diplomatic restraint, deciding not to provoke France despite their grievances.
• General Bagration leads the Russian welcome for the Olympic torch, showcasing Russian pride and enthusiasm.

Significant Themes

• Civilization vs. Barbarism: The French and Russians view themselves as civilized, while the Barbary pirates and Turks are seen as 'barbaric' or 'uncivilized'.
• Power Dynamics: The French and Spanish navies demonstrate their power, while the Barbary pashas show diplomatic restraint in the face of this power.
• Cultural Exchange and Anxiety: The Russians feel anxious about their place in the 'civilized' world and welcome the Olympic torch as recognition of their civilization.

Character Interactions

• Admiral Treville's warning to the Barbary pirates shows his power and influence.
• The French and Spanish navies coordinate their efforts to patrol the seas and blockade ports.
• The Barbary pashas discuss and decide on their response to the French and Spanish actions.
• General Bagration leads the Russian welcome for the Olympic torch, interacting with the French and Turkish escorts.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Victor Treville, now a member of the French Olympic Committee, travels to Saint Petersburg with the Russians, escorting the Olympic flame and promoting the "Olympic spirit."
• He aims to establish non-governmental "Olympic Committees" in various regions, culminating in the formation of the International Olympic Committee.
• Victor's first task is to persuade the Tsar and Russian nobles to support this proposal and allow the establishment of a Russian Olympic Committee.

Character Developments

• Victor Treville demonstrates his horsemanship skills and gains the respect of the Russian cavalry officers.
• General Bagration shows interest in the Olympic Games and agrees to an Olympic truce during the events.

Significant Themes

• The unifying power of sports and the "Olympic spirit" transcending national, religious, and racial boundaries.
• The contrast between the civilized, peaceful intentions of the French and Russians and the perceived savagery of the Turks.
• The harsh Russian winter and its effects on materials like tin, symbolizing the challenges of the environment.

Character Interactions

• Victor and General Bagration bond over their shared interest in horsemanship and the Olympic Games, leading to a friendly exchange of views.
• They discuss the weather, the "tin plague," and the cold winters of Moscow, showcasing their camaraderie and mutual respect.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Victor continues his journey with the Olympic sacred flame, facing long distances and harsh roads.
• He stays in Kiev, where he's welcomed enthusiastically and meets Lebezovsky, a local noble.
• Victor travels to Moscow, encountering Russia's difficult roads and vast wilderness.
• Meanwhile, the sacred flame enters Rome, where Italians celebrate with a carnival-like atmosphere, angering the clergy.

Character Developments

• Victor adapts to the vast distances and harsh conditions of Russia, gaining a new perspective on the country and its people.
• Lebezovsky expresses his views on Russia's backwardness and the need for change, reflecting the opinions of many Russian nobles.

Significant Themes

• The vastness and harshness of Russia, and its impact on the country's culture and military capabilities.
• The contrast between Russia's conservative nature and the progressive ideas of the Olympics.
• The clash between religious authority and secular spectacle, as seen in Rome's carnival celebrations.

Character Interactions

• Victor interacts with Lebezovsky, discussing Russia's need for change and the challenges of applying foreign knowledge in the country.
• Bishop Leonardo encounters the carnival crowd mocking the Pope, reflecting the clergy's disapproval of the secular celebrations.

Key Plot Points and Events

• The Holy See's prestige has declined due to French influence and heretical doctrines spreading in Italy.
• The Pope chooses to tolerate sacrilegious incidents to maintain a fragile peace and avoid rebellion.
• The French Olympic Committee announces the events for the upcoming Paris Olympics, including track and field, tennis, equestrianism, fencing, and shooting.
• The sacred flame relay reaches Spain, and the French fleet escorts it, relieving the Pashas of Barbary.
• A conspiracy against the Pashas of Barbary is plotted in the Turkish palace.

Character Developments

• The Pope is portrayed as cautious and pragmatic, choosing to tolerate sacrilege to maintain peace.
• Selim III, the Sultan of Turkey, is shown as willing to acknowledge reality and consider reclaiming his rights in Barbary with French assistance.

Significant Themes

• Pragmatism vs. Ideology: The Pope's tolerance of sacrilege to maintain peace.
• Power Dynamics: The shifting balance of power between the Holy See, France, Austria, and Turkey.
• Imperialism: The French and Turkish interest in Barbary.

Character Interactions

• The Pope and his advisors discuss the situation in Italy and the Holy See's response to sacrilege.
• Saint-Mélan and Selim III discuss the situation in Barbary and the possibility of French-Turkish cooperation.

Key Plot Points and Events

• The French envoy, Saint-Mélan, proposes a plan to Sultan Selim III to regain control of the Barbary region, involving the replacement of rebellious pashas and the exploitation of mineral resources.
• Sultan Selim III is hesitant but considers the proposal, as it could strengthen his power and support for reforms.
• Napoleon refuses to let his sister Pauline participate in the Olympics, but she argues that women have competed in the past and threatens to seek her brother Joseph's support.

Character Developments

• Sultan Selim III is portrayed as a reformist ruler seeking to strengthen his power and influence.
• Napoleon is shown as conservative and initially unwilling to support women's participation in the Olympics.
• Pauline is determined and persistent in her desire to compete in the Olympics, challenging gender norms.

Significant Themes

• Power dynamics and the struggle for influence, as seen in the relationship between Sultan Selim III and his subordinates, and between Napoleon and Pauline.
• The tension between tradition and progress, reflected in the debate over women's participation in the Olympics.
• The role of alliances and foreign influence, as seen in the French proposal to the Ottoman Empire.

Character Interactions

• Sultan Selim III and Saint-Mélan discuss the potential benefits and challenges of the French proposal.
• Napoleon and Pauline argue about her desire to compete in the Olympics, with Napoleon initially refusing and Pauline threatening to seek Joseph's support.
• Joseph and Pauline discuss her marital status and his conditions for allowing her to participate in the Olympics.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Sultan Selim III invites French envoy Saint-Mélan to a royal estate for a hunting trip, where they discuss the terms of France's involvement in Turkey's war against the Barbary States.
• Saint-Mélan and Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, the Grand Vizier, negotiate the details of the alliance, including the abolition of slavery, the division of spoils, and the leasing of ports and development of mines in North Africa.
• Meanwhile, Pauline and her lover Berdon discuss personal matters in Paris.

Character Developments

• Saint-Mélan demonstrates diplomatic prowess and bargaining skills, haggling with the Turks over France's involvement and the division of spoils.
• Pauline shows assertiveness and independence, teasing Berdon awake and initiating a conversation about her plans.

Significant Themes

• Power Dynamics: The negotiations between Saint-Mélan and the Turks highlight the power struggle between the two nations, with each trying to secure the best terms for themselves.
• Slavery and Freedom: The abolition of slavery in the Barbary States raises questions about freedom and human rights, contrasting with the historical reality of the time.
• Resource Allocation: The discussion about leasing ports and developing mines in North Africa emphasizes the importance of resources and their control in geopolitics.

Character Interactions

• Saint-Mélan and Sultan Selim III: Their interaction shows a balance of power, with each respecting the other's position and trying to secure favorable terms.
• Pauline and Berdon: Their interaction is playful and intimate, with Pauline taking the lead in their relationship and initiating a serious conversation.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Pauline Bonaparte propositions Berdon, initially in jest, then seriously, leading to their engagement.
• Pauline seeks Berdon's help to compete in the Olympics by marrying her to secure her brothers' approval.
• Sultan Selim III and Saint-Mélan agree on war preparations against the Barbary States, forming an alliance.
• Alemdar Mustafa Pasha is to lead a Turkish expedition, with France providing naval support.
• Disagreement arises over France's public declaration to guarantee Turkey's security against Russian aggression.

Character Developments

• Pauline: Reveals her ambition to compete in the Olympics and manipulates Berdon into marrying her to achieve this.
• Berdon: Initially taken aback by Pauline's proposition, he eventually agrees to marry her to support her ambitions.
• Sultan Selim III: Seeks France's military support and a public declaration to secure Turkey's borders.
• Alemdar Mustafa Pasha: Plans to lead the Turkish expedition and advocates for a stronger French commitment.

Significant Themes

• Ambition and manipulation (Pauline's desire to compete in the Olympics and her use of Berdon).
• Alliance and cooperation (France and Turkey's alliance against the Barbary States).
• Political maneuvering (disagreements between France and Turkey over the public declaration).

Character Interactions

• Pauline and Berdon: Pauline propositions Berdon, leading to their engagement and marriage plans.
• Sultan Selim III and Saint-Mélan: Discuss and agree on war preparations, but disagree on the public declaration.
• Alemdar Mustafa Pasha and Saint-Mélan: Discuss the details of the Turkish troops' training in France.