Black Zetsu was actually a product of Kaguya Otsutsuki's Yin-Yang Release.
Black Zetsu wasn't particularly strong in battle. He could use Wood Release because he had been attached to a White Zetsu, and so had inherited the abilities White Zetsu possessed. For example, when Naruto and Killer B escaped Turtle Island, he had been able to notify Obito Uchiha in time. This long-distance communication technology would probably have made the daimyō and Five Kage of the time—who had to think twice about whether they had enough power for a video call—green with envy.
White Zetsu's abilities included the Spore Technique. Unlike an ordinary clone, a spore wouldn't disappear even if its original body died. White Zetsu first used it during the Five Kage Summit. The spores couldn't be detected before they grew. When activated, they expanded into forms resembling White Zetsu, enveloped their hosts, and absorbed their chakra. They could then transfer that chakra to replenish someone else.
The Impersonation Technique differed from the ordinary Transformation Technique. After absorbing someone else's chakra, the user could reproduce that chakra exactly while taking on the person's appearance. Even the person's closest acquaintances and sensory-type ninja couldn't tell the difference. Zetsu's clones had once absorbed other people's chakra, taken on their appearances, and infiltrated the Shinobi Allied Forces to make them fight among themselves.
Pitcher Plant: Three White Zetsu Clones could merge into a giant pitcher plant, greatly increasing their combat power.
Mayfly Technique: The user merged their body with the earth and its plants to move at high speed. They could become one with the earth and travel anywhere by tapping into the organic networks of plant roots and underground water. While the technique was active, they left no trace of their presence.
Black Zetsu's abilities included Mental Fusion. Like the technique