Chapter Summaries

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen discusses with Guchilaf about inviting more Druids and Giant Trees to Night-Kirin City for Halkara's comfort.
• Landen visits the Imperial Magic School to install a Magic Furnace in their library.
• Landen expresses his intention to create a forest area inside Night-Kirin City for Halkara and to find ready-made Giant Trees.

Character Developments

• Landen demonstrates his proficiency in drawing Magic Patterns, impressing the Archmages present.
• Lady Dennis Ji, a Legendary Runemaster and prized disciple of the Elemental Avatar, is introduced as the library's administrator.

Significant Themes

• The importance of magic and its exploration.
• The value of solid fundamentals in magic, as emphasized by Lady Dennis Ji.

Character Interactions

• Landen interacts with Mage Vaduk, Lady Dennis Ji, and her disciples, showcasing his humility and expertise.
• Lady Dennis Ji praises Landen's precision in magical expression and his thorough preparation before experiments.
• The students present show respect and admiration for Landen and Lady Dennis Ji.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Ben Kaul, Landen, and their group visit the Academy Botanical Garden, led by Archmage Vaduk.
• Landen meets Elonwell Laurel, the director of the botanical garden, and discusses purchasing Magic Plants for Night-Kirin City.
• Landen is introduced to the Withered Tree Garden, where he finds over forty injured and neglected intermediate-level trees, including an Oak Tree and a Willow Tree that barely reached high level.

Character Developments

• Ben Kaul shows signs of immaturity and jealousy when teased by Wendy and Sophia about his past mistakes.
• Elonwell Laurel demonstrates her dignity and concern for the well-being of the withered trees.

Significant Themes

• The value and care of ancient and injured trees, symbolizing the importance of preserving history and nature.
• The economic and strategic significance of Magic Plants, especially wood-element ones, for different races.

Character Interactions

• Ben Kaul interacts with Wendy and Sophia, showing his vulnerability and immaturity.
• Landen interacts with Elonwell Laurel, discussing the purchase of Magic Plants and the potential revival of the withered trees.
• Landen, Ben Kaul, and the group share a moment of reflection and appreciation for the withered trees' history and potential.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen's ancestor, Princess Halkara, wakes up in the Great Forest Palace and discovers a garden filled with injured Guardian Trees.
• Halkara finds that the trees are from various elven clans and have been brought there for healing.
• Landen reveals that he has been working to create a Magic Plant Healing Garden and has also invited a tribe of the Oak Clan to settle in the territory, with their priest serving as Halkara's priest.

Character Developments

• Halkara: Struggles with the idea of becoming a Demigod and is overwhelmed by the sudden appearance of her clansmen. She begins to consider the possibility of healing and repairing magic plants.
• Landen: Demonstrates his leadership and resourcefulness by creating the healing garden and inviting the Oak Clan tribe. He shows confidence in Halkara's ability to become a Demigod.

Significant Themes

• Healing and Repair: The focus of the chapter is on the healing and repair of injured magic plants, symbolizing the restoration of life and hope.
• Belief and Faith: The trees' faith in Halkara as their savior is a central theme, as is Landen's belief in Halkara's potential to become a Demigod.
• Responsibility and Care: The responsibility of caring for the injured trees and the need for a Forest Walker to heal and repair them are emphasized.

Character Interactions

• Halkara and Landen: They discuss the possibility of Halkara becoming a Demigod and the creation of the Magic Plant Healing Garden.
• Halkara and the Trees: The trees express their gratitude and faith in Halkara, addressing her as their savior.
• Landen and his Subordinates: Landen works with his subordinates to create the healing garden and invite the Oak Clan tribe, demonstrating his leadership and resourcefulness.

Key Plot Points and Events

• A white giant wolf (Totapara) and her attendant (Landen, disguised as a Beastman) arrive at the City of Life, Tikar.
• They are mistaken for Princess Sangji of the White Wolf clan, causing a commotion.
• The city's patrol attempts to take them to meet Young Master Xidaka of the White Wolf clan, but Totapara freezes them using ice magic.
• The Temple of Life's guards invite Totapara and Landen as guests, leading them to the temple.

Character Developments

• Totapara: Demonstrates her power and confidence by freezing the patrol, showing she is not to be underestimated.
• Landen: Disguised as a Beastman, he accompanies Totapara to Tikar, seeking convenience but causing unwanted attention.

Significant Themes

• Power and Respect: Totapara's display of magic earns her respect from the Beastmen, highlighting the importance of strength in their culture.
• Identity and Perception: Totapara and Landen face misunderstandings due to their appearance and association with Princess Sangji, emphasizing the impact of first impressions and assumptions.

Character Interactions

• Totapara and Landen: They travel together, with Totapara acting spoiled and Landen trying to navigate their situation.
• Totapara and Panita (Wolf Priest): They reunite, and Panita reveals she has been favored by a god and is now a temple priest. They catch up on everyday matters.
• Totapara and the City Guards: The guards invite them to the temple, showing deference to Totapara's power.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen receives updates on his territory's development and plans to restructure it.
• Totapara, in her Frost Wolf form, freezes and kicks Xidaka, a White Wolf Tribe member, for being too familiar.
• Landen obtains an Attendant Badge of the God of Life from Panita, allowing him free access to neutral cities.
• Landen shops for medicinal herbs, Magic Plants, and seeds in the City of Life but fails to find tree-type Magic Plant seeds.
• Rosef Vishidno Gallop, the most influential human Mage in the Hindukush Basin, arrives in Tikar to apologize to Totapara on behalf of the White Wolf Tribe.

Character Developments

• Landen shows concern for his territory's development and financial management.
• Totapara displays her dominance and intolerance towards familiarity from outsiders.
• Panita demonstrates her care and concern for her family, including Totapara and her relatives.
• Rosef, as an Archmage, shows respect and willingness to mediate in a family dispute.

Significant Themes

• The rapid development of Landen's territory and the need for restructuring.
• The importance of family and relationships, as shown through Panita's actions.
• The power dynamics between Magic Beasts and humans, with Totapara's dominance over Xidaka.

Character Interactions

• Landen interacts with Redbird through the Magic Mirror, discussing territory management and business.
• Totapara interacts with Xidaka, freezing and kicking him for his familiarity.
• Panita interacts with Landen, giving him the Attendant Badge and expressing her concern for her family.
• Rosef interacts with Panita and Totapara, apologizing on behalf of the White Wolf Tribe and offering compensation.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen meets Rosef, a descendant of the Gallop Family and an Archmage, in Xingtian City.
• Landen tours Rosef's Magic Plant fields and Mentor Tower.
• Landen reveals his identity to Rosef and presents him with gifts from Night-Kirin City, including accessories crafted by Landen himself.
• Landen expresses Night-Kirin City's willingness to maintain peace with the Orcs of Hindukush, seeking Rosef's help to open a dialogue.

Character Developments

• Landen: Reveals his true identity to Rosef, showing pragmatism and a desire for peace. He demonstrates his skills as a Magic Plant cultivator and a Life Mage.
• Rosef: Recognizes Landen's high rank and importance. He is conflicted about his loyalty to the Human Race and his life among the Orcs. He values peace but is skeptical about the possibility of it due to deep-seated hatred between the Gallop Family and the Orcs.

Significant Themes

• Identity and Belonging: Both Landen and Rosef grapple with their identities and where they belong, Landen as an Orc lord among the Human Race, and Rosef as a Human Race Archmage among the Orcs.
• Peace and War: The chapter explores the possibility of peace between the Human Race and the Orcs, despite centuries of conflict and mistrust.

Character Interactions

• Landen and Rosef: Their interaction is tense yet respectful, with each trying to gauge the other's intentions. They discuss the state of the Gallop Plains and Hindukush Basin, and the possibility of peace between their peoples.
• Landen and Panita: Though not present in this chapter, Panita's introduction of Landen to Rosef sets the stage for their meeting.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen Gallop (disguised as Priest Waldi) visits Rosef Vishidno Gallop to discuss peace between Hindukush and the Gallop Plains.
• Honnier Gallop, Rosef's granddaughter, meets Landen and is surprised by his orc-like appearance.
• Rosef receives gifts from Landen, including a Magic Pattern Breeding Tank, which he believes will help Night-Kirin City's Magic Plant fields surpass the Basin's.
• Honnier reveals that Katarina, her lover, is missing.
• News of two powerful Magic Wolves (Totapara and Panita's niece) arrives: Totapara in Tikar, and Panita's niece in Abadi, both displaying extraordinary abilities.

Character Developments

• Landen: Displays diplomatic skills and understanding of the Gallop Plains' political landscape.
• Rosef: Shows wisdom and understanding of the Basin's political dynamics, but underestimates the extent of the Gallop Plains' changes.
• Honnier: Demonstrates concern for Katarina and awareness of the political situation.

Significant Themes

• The changing political landscape of the Gallop Plains and Hindukush.
• The rise of powerful Magic Wolves and their potential impact on the region.
• The tension between orcs and humans, and the possibility of peace.

Character Interactions

• Landen and Rosef: Discuss peace and the Gallop Plains' changes.
• Honnier and Landen: Meet for the first time, with Honnier recognizing Landen as an orc despite his disguise.
• Honnier and Rosef: Discuss Katarina's disappearance and the powerful Magic Wolves.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Sangji, a White Wolf princess, flees her tribe after learning they plan to use her as a sacrifice in a war against the Gallop Plains.
• She arrives at the City of Commerce, where she's mistaken for a powerful magic wolf, "Totapara," and treated as such.
• Landen, a werewolf, meets Sangji, believing her to be Totapara, and leaves her with supplies and toys.

Character Developments

• Sangji: Initially insecure about her appearance and status, she gains confidence after discovering her tribe's true intentions and decides to defy them.
• Landen: Shows affection and care towards Sangji, treating her as a beloved pet rather than an equal.

Significant Themes

• Identity and deception: Sangji's true identity is hidden, and she's mistaken for someone else, leading to unexpected treatment.
• Power dynamics: The treatment Sangji receives highlights the power dynamics between orcs and their Favored (magic beasts and Beast God's Favored).

Character Interactions

• Sangji and Sekula: The maid-servant relationship is shown, with Sekula being loyal and protective of Sangji.
• Landen and Sangji: Landen interacts with Sangji as if she's a pet, showing affection but not recognizing her as an equal.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Totapara, enraged and shamed, returns to Abadi's temple, discovering an imposter posing as her.
• The imposter is revealed to be Sangji, a Beast God's Favored orc, who is nearly identical to Totapara.
• Totapara, instead of confronting Sangji, offers her a chance to become her priest by playing a game of fetch.
• Landen meets with Shitade Woziyi, the Orc Royal Court's representative, to discuss the Royal Court's demands regarding the Gallop Plains.

Character Developments

• Totapara: Shows a more playful and merciful side, offering Sangji a chance to redeem herself.
• Sangji: Initially deceitful, she shows remorse and desperation, seeking Totapara's forgiveness.
• Landen: Demonstrates diplomatic skills and understanding of the political landscape, representing Totapara's interests.

Significant Themes

• Identity and deception: Sangji's impersonation of Totapara highlights the theme of identity and the consequences of deception.
• Power dynamics: Totapara's reaction to Sangji showcases the power dynamics between high-level magic beasts and their Favored.
• Diplomacy and negotiation: Landen's discussion with Shitade illustrates the importance of diplomacy and understanding different perspectives.

Character Interactions

• Totapara and Sangji: Their interaction reveals Totapara's unexpected mercy and Sangji's desperation to avoid punishment.
• Landen and Shitade: Their conversation demonstrates Landen's diplomatic skills and Shitade's blunt honesty, providing insight into the Orc Royal Court's stance on the Gallop Plains.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen secures the Orc Royal Court's stance and leaves, with the Great Otter planning to sow discord between Landen and Fiat Gallop.
• Landen learns about Ratmen clans gathering towards Iowa Pass and prepares to return to Iowa Town.
• Landen visits his family's White Wolf and meets Sangji, who has been posing as Totapara.
• Duoxi White Wolf and Xidaka White Wolf visit Totapara, realizing Sangji has been impersonating her.

Character Developments

• Landen shows political acumen by understanding the Royal Court's intentions and the threat of Ratmen.
• Totapara demonstrates her protective nature towards Sangji and her family.
• Sangji struggles with her loyalty to her family and her new role as Totapara's priest.
• Duoxi White Wolf shows concern for his daughter's safety and well-being.

Significant Themes

• Trust and deception, as seen in Sangji's impersonation of Totapara and the Great Otter's manipulation of Landen.
• Family loyalty and protection, as shown by Totapara's acceptance of Sangji and Duoxi's concern for his daughter.
• Political maneuvering, with Landen navigating the Orc Royal Court's intentions and the threat of Ratmen.

Character Interactions

• Landen interacts with the Great Otter, learning about the Royal Court's plans and the Ratmen threat.
• Landen meets Sangji, who has been impersonating Totapara, and accepts her as Totapara's priest.
• Duoxi White Wolf and Xidaka White Wolf visit Totapara, leading to a tense confrontation before they realize Sangji's true identity.
• Totapara accepts Sangji as her priest, showing her protective nature and understanding towards Sangji's difficult situation.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Sangji, a White Wolf family member, is mistaken for Totapara, Landen's wolf companion, by her family due to a scheme by her aunt, Panita.
• Landen attends several auctions in Abadi, finding high-quality goods and meeting an apprentice of Priest Rudolf Schultz.
• Landen is invited to a private meeting with Priest Rudolf Schultz in a temple dedicated to the Goddess of Wealth.

Character Developments

• Xidaka White Wolf learns about his aunt Panita's long-term plan to secure a foothold in Frost Wolf Forest.
• Landen discovers the value of high-level magic beast remains and the demand for his Exquisite Core product.

Significant Themes

• Scheming and long-term planning within families and tribes (Panita White Wolf).
• The value and demand for rare and powerful items in the Orc Basin's market.
• The influence and power of Temple Priests and their connections.

Character Interactions

• Xidaka and his father, Duoxi White Wolf, discuss the situation with Sangji and Totapara.
• Landen interacts with an apprentice of Priest Rudolf Schultz and meets the priest himself in a private setting.
• Landen observes the Lion Retainer's enthusiasm for the Magic Beast Rune Armor he sold.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen meets with the Goddess of Wealth, Heryalena, through a high-ranking Priest.
• The goddess explains the relationship between Magic Furnaces, currency, and the flow of magic power.
• She reveals the past financial crisis of the Goblin civilization due to over-issuance of currency and financial derivatives.
• The goddess tasks Landen with managing currency issuance to prevent inflation and deflation.

Character Developments

• Landen gains a deeper understanding of the world's economic system and the role of Magic Furnaces.
• The Goddess of Wealth demonstrates her power and influence by speaking through a Priest.

Significant Themes

• The relationship between magic power, currency, and civilization.
• The consequences of unchecked financial greed and over-issuance of currency.
• The role of the gods in maintaining the balance of the world.

Character Interactions

• Landen interacts with the Goddess of Wealth, showing respect and curiosity.
• The goddess treats Landen with favor, explaining complex economic concepts to him.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen understands the Goddess of Wealth's purpose: to coordinate Magic Furnace construction with currency issuance.
• The Goddess of Wealth orders six Magic Furnaces from Landen for six cities in Hindukush, with each furnace priced at 250,000 Gold Coins.
• The Goddess of Wealth offers Landen financing of 15 million Gold Coins against six Magic Furnaces as collateral, to establish a bank and issue local currency.
• Landen is given a Dragon Scale to enter and leave any Temple of Wealth at will.

Character Developments

• Landen: Recognized by the Goddess of Wealth as qualified to issue currency, he agrees to her terms for financing and currency issuance.
• The Goddess of Wealth: Shows understanding of the market and Landen's schemes, offering financing to prevent financial distress and maintain control over currency flow.
• Rudolf Schultz: Aids in the negotiation, reveals that Tikar, Abadi, and Xianyuan already have Magic Furnaces, and hints at the Gallop Fund's collateral.

Significant Themes

• Wealth and power dynamics: The Goddess of Wealth seeks to control currency issuance to maintain financial stability.
• Financing and currency issuance: Landen is offered financing to build Magic Furnaces and issue local currency under certain conditions.
• Collateral and trust: Magic Furnaces serve as collateral for Landen's financing, demonstrating the Goddess of Wealth's trust in their value.

Character Interactions

• Landen and the Goddess of Wealth: They reach an agreement on financing and currency issuance, acknowledging each other's authority.
• Landen and Rudolf Schultz: They discuss the Magic Furnace installations in Hindukush, and Rudolf reveals information about the Gallop Fund's collateral.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen learns about the Gallop Fund's history and its connection to the Magic Furnaces.
• The Gallop Fund's scale is revealed to be nearly two billion Gold Coins, with its collateral being the three original Magic Furnaces on the Gallop Plains.
• Landen understands that the empire's prosperity is built on a financial bubble, and the Gallop Fund is part of this bubble.

Character Developments

• Landen gains a deeper understanding of the world's financial system and the role of the Church of Wealth in regulating it.
• Rudolf Schultz, the priest, demonstrates his knowledge and impartiality in explaining the situation to Landen.

Significant Themes

• The relationship between wealth, power, and civilization, represented by the Magic Furnaces and the Gallop Fund.
• The concept of financial bubbles and their potential consequences.
• The role of regulatory institutions, such as the Church of Wealth and the giant dragons, in maintaining economic stability.

Character Interactions

• Landen interacts with Rudolf Schultz, who provides him with crucial information about the Gallop Fund and the world's financial system.
• Landen's thoughts reveal his growing understanding and acceptance of the world's complexities, as well as his determination to focus on developing the Gallop Plains despite the challenges posed by the Gallop Fund's bubble.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Orcs in the restaurant discuss the impending war between orcs and humans on the Gallop Plains.
• The Royal Court's orders include conscripting the Human Race of Hindukush and requiring non-participating cities to provide grain at a discount.
• Shitade, a Great Otter, arrives and reveals that the Royal Court plans to send 114514 Beast God's Favored to the Gallop Plains.

Character Developments

• Landen learns about the political climate and alliances between different factions.
• Shitade shows his frustration with the Royal Court's orders.
• Rudolf Schultz, the bishop, shows favoritism towards Landen due to his connection with the king.

Significant Themes

• The power struggle between different factions (Orc Royal Court, Human Race, Gallop Family, etc.).
• The manipulation of information and rumors to influence political decisions.
• The consequences of war and the struggles of those caught in the middle.

Character Interactions

• Orcs in the restaurant share information and gossip with each other.
• Landen interacts with Rudolf Schultz, who provides him access to the Magic Mirror Room.
• Shitade's arrival causes the atmosphere in the restaurant to change, reflecting the respect and fear orcs have for the Royal Court's representatives.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen attends a secret intelligence trade meeting in Abadi, led by Rudolf.
• The meeting involves an online auction of information using a Magic Mirror.
• Landen shares news about Totapara, a Frost Wolf, and learns about the Gallop Fund's war protection policy.
• He exchanges intelligence with Mr. Sea Turtle and agrees to meet again the following week.

Character Developments

• Landen demonstrates adaptability and strategic thinking in the intelligence trade.
• Rudolf shows knowledge of the intelligence trade and its participants.
• Mr. Sea Turtle proves to be a valuable contact for Landen, providing detailed information.

Significant Themes

• Information and knowledge as power.
• The value of cross-regional intelligence in decision-making.
• The potential for mutually beneficial information exchange.

Character Interactions

• Landen interacts with Rudolf, who guides him through the intelligence trade process.
• Landen exchanges information with Mr. Sea Turtle, establishing a potential alliance.
• Landen and Blaze reconnect, showing camaraderie and shared purpose.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen and Redbird return to the Industrial New District after installing the Magic Furnace at Red Dragon Rock.
• Redbird expresses her desire to advance to high-level Mage and asks Landen to appoint Yuling as her assistant.
• Landen advises Redbird to construct a mythallar instead of a core spell, connecting major cities via portals.
• Imkavi Copper-Nail and Kuryagan meet Landen; Imkavi shares information about Dwarves in the Hindukush Basin.
• Landen sends Imkavi and Kuryagan to learn runes from the Salt and Iron Department's Furnace Hall.

Character Developments

• Redbird: Shows ambition and confidence in her magical progression, aiming to connect cities via a mythallar.
• Imkavi Copper-Nail: Expresses tension with his family's mountain fortress and eagerness to learn from great runemasters.
• Kuryagan: Struggles with the idea of learning runes, given his lack of knowledge in the field.

Significant Themes

• Ambition and personal growth (Redbird, Imkavi)
• Mentorship and guidance (Landen's advice to Redbird)
• Industry and innovation (Landen's interest in the Furnace Hall)

Character Interactions

• Landen and Redbird: Tease each other while discussing Redbird's magical advancement and future plans.
• Landen and Imkavi/Kuryagan: Landen assigns them to learn runes, showing his support for their growth and interest in their progress.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen proposes a plan to create a new small volcano as a magic reserve for the Industrial New District by pouring magic from the air into the mantle layer using Magic Furnaces and Towers.
• Redbird explains Landen's plan to create a physical passage to guide magma from underground into a space closer to the surface.
• The group discusses the installation of six Magic Furnaces around Night-Kirin City to maintain a balance in magic levels.
• The territory's financial situation is discussed, with the Salt and Iron Department set to cover expenses starting next month.

Character Developments

• Redbird demonstrates her understanding and support of Landen's ambitious plans.
• Fanil, the Fox Girl, expresses her exhaustion from creating simulations for every Magic Furnace installation.
• Sophia shows concern for Fanil's well-being and her own need for her.

Significant Themes

• Ambition and grand plans: Landen's vision for the territory's development and his desire to create a vast network of Magic Furnaces.
• Resource management: The territory's financial situation, with high income but also high expenses, and the need to find additional funding.
• Collaboration and teamwork: The group works together to understand and discuss Landen's plans.

Character Interactions

• Redbird explains Landen's plans to the group, demonstrating her role as a key communicator and supporter of his ideas.
• Fanil expresses her frustration with the demands placed on her, leading to a discussion about her role and well-being.
• Sophia voices her concern for Fanil, highlighting their close relationship and Sophia's protective instincts.
• The group discusses and reacts to Landen's plans, showing their individual perspectives and concerns.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Landen installs a Magic Furnace in the Industrial New District using complex magic arrays designed by Lady Dennis Ji and Mage Klein.
• He attempts to connect the Magic Furnace to the underground magma layer but fails to reach it.
• Landen, Wendy, Sophia, and Guleiya discuss possible reasons for the failed connection, suggesting an energy source or magic array leading to Night-Kirin City.

Character Developments

• Landen demonstrates his magical prowess and understanding of Ley Line energy, impressing the Legends present.
• Wendy and Guleiya grow closer, working well together and complementing each other's strengths.
• Landen shows consideration for his friends, organizing a barbecue gathering after a day of work.

Significant Themes

• The power of cooperation and teamwork, evident in Landen's friends working together and complementing each other's skills.
• The importance of historical knowledge and understanding past events to solve present problems, as seen in the girls' discussion about the ironworks' history.

Character Interactions

• Landen interacts with the Legends from the Imperial Capital, showing respect and receiving their acknowledgment.
• Landen's friends gather for a barbecue, strengthening their bond and discussing their work.
• Fanil reveals that Queen Padmira has something to show them in the Divine Kingdom, hinting at a new development in their plans.

Key Plot Points and Events

• The group of friends, now appearing as ordinary girls, meet Landen in a dream-like setting at a Planet Connect VIP Lounge.
• Landen reveals that this dream is special and not entirely his creation.
• He explains that he invited them to discuss a significant business deal involving the Empire, the Orcs, and the gods, worth fifteen million Gold Coins.

Character Developments

• Wendy: Recognizes Landen despite his altered appearance and questions the nature of their surroundings.
• Redbird: Immediately recognizes Landen as her lord and is surprised by the purpose of their gathering.
• Landen: Shows concern for his friends' well-being and future, expressing worry about the Empire taking advantage of them.

Significant Themes

• The importance of the Magic Furnace and its connection to the magic web.
• The Empire's interest in the Magic Furnace and its potential to issue currency.
• Landen's concern for his friends' treatment and well-being in the face of potential exploitation by the Empire.

Character Interactions

• Wendy, Redbird, Sophia, and Johnny interact with Landen, questioning and discussing the details of the business deal and its implications.
• Landen expresses his worries about the Empire's potential exploitation of his friends, showing his protective nature towards them.