If Uchiha Madara had the nerve, he could just take Obito, Black Zetsu, and the others to intercept Sasuke.
But even then...
From Naruto's perspective, a team consisting of Sasuke, Itachi, and Yakumo still had a chance of putting up a fight. At the very least, they should be able to retreat safely. Uchiha Madara hadn't truly been revived, much less become the Ten-Tails Jinchuriki. Although he possessed the Rinnegan, at most it gave him a new level between Super Kage Level and Six Paths Level. He could indeed defeat any Super Kage Level fighter, just as he had defeated Senju Hashirama in the original story, but he couldn't do so effortlessly.
If Sasuke were pushed too far...
With the Indra's Chakra inside him...
Sasuke might still be able to awaken his potential in the heat of battle, surpass himself, and unlock the Rinnegan.
Put simply, in this world, hard work could indeed overcome one's limits (Might Guy!).
But bloodline mattered even more.
Sasuke awakening the Nine-Tomoe Rinnegan in the original story was the best proof of that.
Although it was only in one eye, in that situation, given a little more time to adapt and develop it, it would only be a matter of time before both eyes evolved into the Rinnegan. The fact that Sasuke never awakened the Rinnegan in both eyes, even after Naruto became Hokage, could only mean that he had grown complacent later on and believed there were no enemies in the Shinobi World worth taking seriously.
The same went for Naruto.
Otherwise, given how rapidly the two of them had grown stronger over those three or four years...
They shouldn't have made no progress at all over the next decade or more.
Naruto in this life naturally wouldn't make that same mistake. He had