Chapter Summaries

Key Plot Points and Events

• Licks successfully transforms into a Super Saiyan after four attempts, with Vegeta's indirect help.
• Vegeta senses Licks's power surge and acknowledges his growth, considering him family.
• The Z Fighters on Earth sense Licks's transformation and express amazement at Saiyans' talent.
• Piccolo bids farewell to Gohan, planning to train further to defeat Goku.

Character Developments

• Licks: Proves his dedication and growth by mastering the Super Saiyan form.
• Vegeta: Shows gratitude and acknowledges Licks's worth, plans to help him further.
• Krillin: Reflects on his original intention to become stronger and is motivated by Master Roshi's words.
• Piccolo: Maintains his dream of defeating Goku and continues training.

Significant Themes

• Growth and Dedication: Licks's persistent efforts lead to his transformation, highlighting the importance of dedication in growth.
• Acknowledgment and Respect: Vegeta's recognition of Licks showcases the value of hard work and growth in earning respect.
• Original Intentions: Krillin's reflection on his initial motivations for becoming stronger emphasizes the importance of staying true to one's goals.

Character Interactions

• Licks and Vegeta: Vegeta indirectly helps Licks transform, acknowledging his growth and considering him family.
• Krillin and Master Roshi: Master Roshi motivates Krillin to reflect on his original intention and surpass himself.
• Piccolo and Gohan: Piccolo bids farewell to Gohan, expressing their mutual reluctance to part due to their strong bond.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Uncle Piccolo decides to train after learning about Prince Tarble and Licks' progress.
• Licks successfully transforms into a Super Saiyan with Prince Vegeta's help.
• Prince Tarble binds Trunks, increasing his training efficiency to 6x.
• Tarble plans to master the Super Saiyan Full Power Form in less than 10 days.
• Vegeta advises Tarble to focus on mastering the Super Saiyan form before moving on to further training.

Character Developments

• Uncle Piccolo shows determination to train and catch up to Prince Tarble and Licks.
• Licks feels guilty for blaming Prince Vegeta and decides to work hard at training.
• Prince Tarble shows maturity and understanding towards Licks' feelings.
• Vegeta acknowledges Son Goku's genius and advises Tarble on training.

Significant Themes

• The importance of hard work and dedication in cultivation and self-improvement.
• The power of forgiveness and understanding in mending relationships.
• The significance of acknowledging and learning from others' strengths.

Character Interactions

• Uncle Piccolo and Son Gohan have a heart-to-heart conversation about training.
• Prince Tarble and Licks become closer after Licks' successful transformation.
• Vegeta and Prince Tarble discuss training methods, with Vegeta acknowledging Son Goku's genius.
• Bulma praises Prince Tarble's talent, and Vegeta advises him on training.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Vegeta shares his wisdom with Tarble, who admires his resolve and determination.
• Tarble and Licks begin training to normalize their Super Saiyan states.
• Tarble masters the Full Power Super Saiyan form in just five days, surprising Vegeta.
• Tarble and Licks celebrate their progress with a family dinner, where Licks accidentally breaks a glass.
• The next day, Tarble trains in the Gravity Chamber and gains a 645 million increase in combat power in a single day.

Character Developments

• Vegeta shows wisdom and guidance, acting as a mentor to Tarble.
• Tarble demonstrates exceptional aptitude, mastering the Full Power Super Saiyan form quickly.
• Licks shows determination and humility in his training, despite his initial struggles.
• Bulma shows generosity and support, providing for Tarble and Licks' training needs.

Significant Themes

• Determination and perseverance in the face of challenges (Vegeta, Tarble, Licks).
• Family bonds and support (Vegeta, Bulma, Tarble, Trunks).
• Personal growth and self-improvement (Tarble, Licks).

Character Interactions

• Vegeta and Tarble share a moment of understanding and respect, with Tarble addressing Vegeta as 'Big Brother.'
• Tarble, Licks, Vegeta, Bulma, and Trunks celebrate Tarble's success together.
• Licks' accidental glass breaking leads to a moment of shared laughter and encouragement among the group.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Tarble attempts to transform into a Super Saiyan 2, succeeding instantly.
• Vegeta and Trunks sense Tarble's power surge and rush to him.
• Trunks measures Tarble's new combat power, which has skyrocketed to 67.78 billion.

Character Developments

• Tarble demonstrates unexpected prowess by achieving Super Saiyan 2 instantly, hinting at his potential as a Legendary Super Saiyan.
• Vegeta shows concern and curiosity about Tarble's rapid growth, questioning if he's the Legendary Super Saiyan.
• Trunks expresses excitement and eagerness to reach Super Saiyan 2, revealing his competitive nature.

Significant Themes

• The power of transformation and its potential for growth (Super Saiyan levels).
• The competitive spirit among Saiyans, driving them to improve and surpass each other.

Character Interactions

• Tarble interacts with Vegeta and Trunks, revealing his new form and answering their questions.
• Vegeta and Trunks express shock and curiosity about Tarble's sudden growth.
• Vegeta rebukes Trunks for misunderstanding the power increase, showing his protective and guiding side as a father figure.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Tarble's combat power increases significantly to 677.8 million after training under high gravity.
• Vegeta is shocked and excited by Tarble's rapid growth, surpassing his own training speed.
• Vegeta acknowledges Tarble as the Saiyan with the greatest talent, regretting not finding him sooner.
• Tarble decides to enter the Hyperbolic Time Chamber to train with Licks.

Character Developments

• Vegeta: Realizes the error in the Saiyan classification system, feels a sense of urgency to keep up with Tarble's growth.
• Tarble: Confirms his exceptional talent, decides to enter the Time Chamber to train.

Significant Themes

• Talent and Potential: The story highlights the importance of recognizing and nurturing exceptional talent, as seen in Tarble's case.
• Competition and Rivalry: Vegeta's desire to not be left behind by Tarble showcases the competitive nature of the characters.

Character Interactions

• Vegeta and Tarble: Vegeta expresses regret for not finding Tarble sooner, while Tarble reassures him that he can handle whatever Vegeta has to say.
• Tarble and Vegeta: Tarble decides to enter the Time Chamber to train, showing his determination to improve.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Tarble decides to enter the Hyperbolic Time Chamber to train, aiming to surpass Vegeta.
• Vegeta, realizing Tarble's potential, decides to wait and enter the chamber with him later.
• Son Goku senses Tarble's power increase and decides to train harder.

Character Developments

• Vegeta: Realizes Tarble's potential and becomes determined to surpass Son Goku.
• Tarble: Shows exceptional training speed and dedication.
• Son Goku: Feels threatened by Tarble's progress and decides to train harder.

Significant Themes

• Competition and Rivalry: Vegeta and Son Goku's competitive nature is fueled by Tarble's progress.
• Training and Growth: The characters' desire to improve their strength drives the plot.

Character Interactions

• Vegeta and Tarble: Vegeta becomes increasingly interested in Tarble's training and decides to join him in the Hyperbolic Time Chamber.
• Son Goku and Tarble: Son Goku feels threatened by Tarble's growth and decides to train harder to maintain his edge.
• Tarble and Licks: The two maintain their friendly and supportive relationship as they prepare to enter the Hyperbolic Time Chamber together.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Tarble and Licks enter the Hyperbolic Time Chamber for cultivation.
• Licks successfully transforms into Super Saiyan 3 after a year.
• They prepare to leave after two years, as per the chamber's time limit.

Character Developments

• Tarble: Shows understanding and support for Licks' cultivation progress.
• Licks: Successfully achieves Super Saiyan 3 transformation, showing significant growth in power.

Significant Themes

• Cultivation and growth: Both characters focus on improving their strength.
• Mentorship: Tarble guides and supports Licks' cultivation journey.

Character Interactions

• Tarble and Licks: Their relationship deepens as Tarble guides Licks, and Licks expresses gratitude for Tarble's support.
• Tarble and Mr. Popo: Tarble thanks Mr. Popo for his help, but Mr. Popo remains dismissive.

Summary

Key Plot Points and Events

• Tarble and Licks complete a year of training in the Hyperbolic Time Chamber and return to Earth.
• Tarble's strength has significantly increased, surpassing Vegeta, Goku, and Gohan.
• Dende and Mr. Popo sense Tarble and Licks' powerful auras and greet them at Kami's Lookout.
• Vegeta senses their return and confronts them, questioning their early exit from the Time Chamber.

Character Developments

• Tarble has grown stronger, reaching a battle power of over 1.25 trillion and surpassing other prominent characters.
• Vegeta, despite his pride, shows interest and concern for Tarble's growth, hinting at a deeper bond between them.

Significant Themes

• The importance of balance between training and rest is highlighted, as Tarble emphasizes the need for relaxation after a year of intense training.
• The theme of growth and self-improvement is reinforced as Tarble's strength has significantly increased.

Character Interactions

• Tarble and Licks maintain a friendly and respectful relationship, with Licks following Tarble's lead.
• Tarble and Vegeta's interaction shows a mix of competition and camaraderie, with Vegeta acknowledging Tarble's growth while still being driven to improve himself.
• Dende and Mr. Popo express curiosity and respect towards Tarble and Licks' strength, indicating a growing bond between them and the Earth's protectors.

Key Plot Points & Events

• Vegeta discovers Tarble's immense strength increase after training in the Hyperbolic Time Chamber.
• Licks reveals he has reached Super Saiyan 3 and has a combat power of 63.47 billion.
• Tarble reveals his base form combat power is 1.2 trillion and he has mastered Super Saiyan 4, increasing his power to 4000 times his normal state.
• Vegeta is shocked and initially laughs uncontrollably upon hearing Tarble's achievements.

Character Developments

• Vegeta: Realizes Tarble has surpassed him in strength, initially shocked, then laughs uncontrollably, and finally expresses pride in their royal bloodline's strength.
• Tarble: Shows maturity and seriousness in his training, mastering advanced transformations and achieving immense power.
• Licks: Proves himself as a capable warrior, reaching Super Saiyan 3 and having a high combat power.

Significant Themes

• The pursuit of strength and power.
• The pride and competitiveness of the Saiyan race.
• The importance of proper training and guidance.

Character Interactions

• Vegeta and Tarble: Vegeta is initially shocked and then proud of Tarble's achievements, showing a complex mix of emotions.
• Tarble and Licks: Tarble guides Licks in his training, leading to significant improvements in Licks's strength and transformations.
• Vegeta and Licks: Vegeta acknowledges Licks's progress and is impressed by his achievements.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Tarble transforms into Super Saiyan 4, displaying an overwhelming aura that shakes the Earth and draws the attention of other warriors.
• Vegeta witnesses Tarble's transformation and is shocked by his power.
• Various warriors on Earth, including Gohan, Piccolo, Krillin, Tien, and others, sense the powerful aura and decide to investigate.
• Goku and North Kai on North Kai Planet, and the Supreme Kais in their world, also detect the immense ki and are astonished.

Character Developments

• Vegeta is humbled and shocked by Tarble's power, realizing that Tarble has surpassed him.
• Gohan is reminded of Cell and fears a similar crisis might be recurring.
• North Kai is initially alarmed but then identifies the source of the aura and seems to have a secret fear about the power level.

Significant Themes

• The theme of power and its recognition, as Vegeta is forced to acknowledge Tarble's strength.
• The theme of fear and uncertainty, as characters react to the unknown source of the immense ki.
• The theme of past experiences influencing present actions, as Gohan's encounter with Cell affects his response to the current situation.

Character Interactions

• Vegeta and Tarble interact as Vegeta witnesses Tarble's transformation and is left speechless.
• Various warriors on Earth react to the powerful aura, with Gohan deciding to inform Videl and others planning to investigate.
• Goku and North Kai interact, with Goku expressing concern and North Kai attempting to identify the source of the aura.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Tarble transforms into a Super Saiyan 4, causing a massive surge of ki that catches the attention of the Supreme Kai and Old Kai.
• The Supreme Kai use a magic crystal ball to show Tarble's transformation to Kibito, who is astonished by the form and power.
• Vegeta appears, acknowledging Tarble's new form and power, but Tarble seems distracted by something in the sky.
• Meanwhile, in the God of Destruction Realm, the Angel Whis senses Tarble's transformation and becomes interested, observing him and the Saiyans' history.

Character Developments

• Tarble: Shows significant growth in power, transforming into a new Super Saiyan form (Super Saiyan 4) with immense ki.
• Vegeta: Recognizes Tarble's new form and power, showing respect and acknowledges him as the strongest Saiyan warrior.
• Whis: Demonstrates his knowledge and power by observing Tarble and the Saiyans' history from the God of Destruction Realm.

Significant Themes

• Power and Growth: Tarble's transformation highlights the theme of personal growth and increasing power.
• Discovery and Mystery: The chapter explores the unknown, with characters discovering new forms, powers, and even new races (like the Angel Whis).

Character Interactions

• Tarble and Vegeta: Vegeta acknowledges Tarble's new form and power, showing respect and camaraderie.
• The Supreme Kai and Kibito: The Supreme Kai share their knowledge with Kibito, showing mentorship and guidance.
• Whis and Tarble: Although they don't interact directly, Whis's observation of Tarble hints at a potential future interaction.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Tarble senses someone spying on him, but can't detect anyone.
• Vegeta guesses it might be Kaios, East Kai, or Whis.
• Son Goku arrives, angering Vegeta.
• Tarble reverts to his base form, catching Vegeta and Goku's attention.
• Vegeta and Goku argue over who gets to fight Tarble first.

Character Developments

• Tarble shows maturity and restraint, not engaging in the argument between Vegeta and Goku.
• Vegeta displays pride in his brother's strength and desire to fight him first.
• Goku shows excitement and eagerness to fight Tarble, acknowledging Tarble's superior strength.

Significant Themes

• Competition and rivalry between Vegeta and Goku.
• Pride and respect among Saiyans, particularly between brothers.
• The desire to test one's strength against powerful opponents.

Character Interactions

• Vegeta and Goku's bickering and competition, highlighting their long-standing rivalry.
• Tarble's calm demeanor contrasts with Vegeta and Goku's heated argument.
• Vegeta's pride in Tarble's strength and his desire to fight him first, showing his love for his brother despite their competitive nature.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Vegeta is surprised by Son Goku's decision to give up the fight for the top spot, but he's confident in his own victory.
• Tarble agrees to spar with Son Goku and Vegeta, but not immediately.
• Krillin, Piccolo, Gohan, Trunks, and Goten arrive, sensing Tarble's powerful aura.
• Tarble confirms that the powerful aura they sensed was his Super Saiyan 4 transformation.
• Tarble transforms into Super Saiyan 4, impressing everyone, especially Trunks and Goten.
• Vegeta suspects Tarble of releasing his energy on purpose earlier.
• Gohan admires Tarble's strength and asks if Son Goku can also transform into Super Saiyan 4.

Character Developments

• Vegeta: Shows confidence in his own strength and is curious about Tarble's energy suppression.
• Tarble: Demonstrates his Super Saiyan 4 transformation, revealing his energy suppression ability.
• Son Goku: Is admired by Gohan as the strongest Saiyan, but his current strength is not confirmed.
• Gohan: Admires Tarble's strength and believes Son Goku has surpassed him.

Significant Themes

• Strength and Power: The characters' focus on physical strength and power is evident in their admiration for Tarble's Super Saiyan 4 transformation.
• Competition: Vegeta's competitive nature is shown in his desire to spar with Tarble and his curiosity about Tarble's energy suppression.
• Family and Belonging: The reunions and interactions between the characters highlight their strong bonds and sense of belonging to their community.

Character Interactions

• Vegeta and Tarble: Their interaction shows Vegeta's curiosity and competitive nature, while Tarble remains mysterious and mischievous.
• Son Goku and Gohan: Their interaction highlights Gohan's admiration for his father's strength and his belief in his father's potential to reach Super Saiyan 4.
• Tarble and the others: Tarble's interaction with the group shows his willingness to share his knowledge and strength, impressing everyone, especially the younger members.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Son Goku and Gohan spar; Goku expresses his desire to surpass Super Saiyan 3.
• Vegeta and Tarble arrive; Vegeta is reluctant to share Super Saiyan 3 transformation method with Goku.
• Tarble reveals that different transformations have varying training speeds, shocking Vegeta.
• Tarble hints at a solution for Super Saiyan 3's energy gathering flaw.

Character Developments

• Goku: Eager to learn new transformation methods and improve his strength.
• Vegeta: Struggles with accepting that Goku's strength advancement is due to faster training speeds and becomes enraged.
• Tarble: Proves to be knowledgeable about Saiyan transformations and their intricacies.

Significant Themes

• Pursuit of strength and power.
• The importance of knowledge and information in advancing one's abilities.
• Jealousy and rivalry between Goku and Vegeta.

Character Interactions

• Goku and Vegeta: Their friendly rivalry intensifies as Vegeta learns about the training speed advantage Goku has.
• Goku and Tarble: Goku is eager to learn from Tarble, while Tarble teases Goku with hints of useful information.
• Vegeta and Tarble: Vegeta is initially hostile towards Tarble but becomes more respectful after learning about his knowledge.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Tarble reveals that the tail might be crucial for overcoming Super Saiyan 3's shortcomings.
• Vegeta and Son Goku bicker, showcasing their unique dynamic.
• Son Goku learns that Licks can also transform into a Super Saiyan 3 and challenges him to a spar.

Character Developments

• Vegeta: Shows annoyance at Son Goku's interruptions but maintains composure.
• Son Goku: Excited and eager to spar with Licks, demonstrates his friendly and competitive nature.
• Tarble: Reveals his knowledge about Super Saiyan 3 transformations and his connection to Licks.
• Licks: Quietly observes others, reveals he can transform into a Super Saiyan 3, and accepts Son Goku's spar challenge.

Significant Themes

• The importance of the tail in Saiyan transformations.
• The competitive nature of Saiyans and their desire to improve and test their strength.
• The dynamic between Vegeta and Son Goku, showcasing their friendly rivalry.

Character Interactions

• Vegeta and Son Goku: Their bickering highlights their unique bond and friendly rivalry.
• Son Goku and Licks: Son Goku's excitement at learning Licks can transform into a Super Saiyan 3 leads to a spar challenge.
• Tarble and Licks: Their shared history and connection are hinted at, with Tarble revealing Licks' transformation success.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Son Goku reveals he can maintain Super Saiyan 3 form for several hours due to normalization training.
• Vegeta realizes the tail is crucial for maintaining Super Saiyan 3 and reaching Super Saiyan 4.
• Tarble confirms that the tail is essential for transforming into Super Saiyan 4, which requires a Great Ape transformation first.
• Son Goku and Vegeta plan to find the Dragon Balls to regrow their tails.

Character Developments

• Son Goku: Realizes the importance of his tail for maintaining Super Saiyan 3 and reaching Super Saiyan 4.
• Vegeta: Discovers the significance of the tail and becomes eager to regrow his tail and achieve Super Saiyan 4.
• Trunks: Expresses his desire to grow his tail back after seeing Tarble's transformation into Super Saiyan 4.

Significant Themes

• The importance of the tail in Saiyan transformations.
• The desire for power and improvement among the Saiyans.
• The bond and rivalry between Son Goku and Vegeta.

Character Interactions

• Son Goku and Vegeta: Continue their friendly rivalry, with both eager to regrow their tails and achieve Super Saiyan 4.
• Trunks and Vegeta: Trunks expresses his desire to grow his tail back to Vegeta, showing his eagerness to improve and please his father.
• Tarble and Son Gohan: Tarble tries to convince Son Gohan to grow his tail back, highlighting the differences in their perspectives on the tail's importance.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Trunks wants to regrow his tail to achieve higher transformations (Super Saiyan 3 and 4).
• Vegeta, despite wanting Trunks to grow stronger, is hesitant to support this due to Bulma's previous opposition.
• Tarble interjects, suggesting they use the Namekian Dragon Balls instead of Earth's.
• Vegeta suspects Tarble wants to revive someone but is surprised when Tarble reveals his wish to simply grow taller.
• Son Goku inadvertently offends Krillin and Tarble with his blunt remarks about their heights.

Character Developments

• Vegeta shows consideration for Bulma's feelings, indicating his love for her.
• Tarble's wish to grow taller surprises everyone, revealing his insecurities about his height.
• Son Goku's bluntness leads to awkward situations, showing his lack of social filter.
• Son Gohan acts as a mediator, trying to keep the peace between his father and Vegeta.

Significant Themes

• Love and Consideration: Vegeta's newfound consideration for Bulma's feelings.
• Self-Acceptance vs. Insecurity: Tarble's wish to grow taller highlights his insecurity about his height.
• Bluntness vs. Diplomacy: Son Goku's blunt remarks contrast with Son Gohan's diplomatic efforts.

Character Interactions

• Vegeta and Trunks: Vegeta is torn between supporting Trunks' growth and considering Bulma's feelings.
• Tarble and Vegeta: Vegeta suspects Tarble wants to revive someone but is surprised by his simple wish.
• Son Goku and Krillin/Tarble: Son Goku's blunt remarks offend both Krillin and Tarble.
• Son Gohan and Son Goku/Vegeta: Son Gohan mediates between his father and Vegeta, trying to keep the peace.

Key Plot Points & Events

• Son Goku arrives on New Namek with Tarble and Vegeta.
• Goku accidentally offends the Namekians due to his lack of understanding of their customs.
• Goku and Tarble successfully obtain the Namekian Dragon Balls.
• Goku, Vegeta, and Tarble make wishes to Shenron: Goku and Vegeta wish for their tails back, while Tarble wishes to increase his height.

Character Developments

• Goku remains naive and unaware of social cues, but he's also kind-hearted and eager to help others.
• Tarble, initially portrayed as weak, is revealed to have immense power and makes a unique wish to increase his height.
• Vegeta, despite his past actions, is willing to help prepare food and asks Tarble to make a wish for him.

Significant Themes

• The power of friendship and alliances, as seen in Goku's relationship with the Namekians and his willingness to help them.
• The consequences of past actions, as Vegeta's history with the Namekians affects their reception of him.
• The theme of growth and change, both physically (Tarble's height increase) and metaphorically (Goku's understanding of social norms).

Character Interactions

• Goku and the Namekians: Goku's naivety amuses the Namekians, but they respect and welcome him due to his past help.
• Goku and Tarble: They form a bond, with Goku helping Tarble make his wish and being genuinely happy for his friend's growth.
• Vegeta and the Namekians: The Namekians are not friendly towards Vegeta due to his past actions, but they still help him out of respect for Goku.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Tarble and Son Goku return to Earth after making wishes on the Dragon Balls.
• They head to Kami's Lookout, where Vegeta and Licks have been waiting.
• Tarble and Son Goku's delay in returning causes concern and irritation among their companions.

Character Developments

• Tarble shows a hint of his true power and malice towards Son Goku, indicating he might not be as harmless as he seems.
• Son Goku remains oblivious to Tarble's intentions and is eager to learn Super Saiyan 4 transformation.
• Grand Elder Mulin shows wisdom and foresight in befriending Tarble despite his power.

Significant Themes

• The power of friendship and alliances, as seen in Mulin's decision to befriend Tarble.
• The theme of appearances being deceiving, hinted at with Tarble's true nature.

Character Interactions

• Tarble and Son Goku's dynamic shows a growing tension, with Tarble holding a grudge against Son Goku.
• Vegeta's irritation at Son Goku's tardiness highlights his impatience and pride.
• Mulin's interaction with his guards shows his wisdom and authority.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Goku and Vegeta enter the Hyperbolic Time Chamber with Tarble and Licks to train.
• Goku asks Tarble about transforming into a Super Saiyan 4.
• Tarble scans Goku's combat power using a Scouter, revealing it to be 300 billion in his base form.
• Goku misunderstands the comparison between his and Tarble's combat power, leading to a brief moment of confusion.

Character Developments

• Goku: Shows eagerness to learn and train, but also displays a lack of understanding in basic numerical concepts.
• Vegeta: Struggles with accepting Goku's higher base combat power, showing signs of frustration and unwillingness.
• Tarble: Demonstrates patience and understanding in explaining complex concepts to Goku.

Significant Themes

• The importance of understanding one's own strength and limitations for growth.
• The struggle with accepting others' strengths, particularly when they surpass one's own.

Character Interactions

• Goku and Vegeta: Their competitive dynamic is evident, with Vegeta struggling to accept Goku's higher base combat power.
• Goku and Tarble: Goku's eagerness to learn from Tarble is apparent, while Tarble shows patience in teaching Goku.
• Tarble and Licks: They share a silent understanding, both finding Goku's misunderstanding amusing and shocking.