The Past and Present of String Theory and Superstring Theory

Wow!

The emotions of the hundreds of guests at the scene were ignited.

Hoho!

The viewers in the live stream became increasingly active.

Amidst the attention both online and offline, Shen Qi continued his report, "According to Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, space and time stretch under the influence of gravity. Therefore, if we forcibly apply Quantum Mechanics calculation methods to General Theory of Relativity, we will encounter infinity that renormalization methods cannot handle."

"Please look at this set of data, it comes from CERN's LHC. The LHC accelerates protons to 99.9999999% of the speed of light, thus achieving a resolution of one thousandth of a meter." (1 quintillionth of a meter = 10 to the power of 16)

"If we were to conduct an experiment using the LHC's 10^10 accelerator, a black hole would form... Of course, they didn't do that; this is just our speculation."

"These few pages of introductory material may be a bit difficult for physics beginners to grasp, but they are necessary prerequisites. Next, we will introduce the main topics of this report: String Theory, Superstring Theory, and M-theory."

Shen Qi explained very patiently, which was different from his usual presentation style.

From the Riemann Hypothesis the Hodge conjecture, and then to the Navier-Stokes equations, Shen Qi's report style is largely the same: he throws out a bunch of formulas, and whether you can understand them or not is your problem; he's only responsible for giving the conclusions.

Today, Shen Qi changed his style; he became more like a patient physics teacher, explaining a physics lesson that cannot be found in textbooks to students both online and offline.

Why would Shen Qi do this, and even broadcast it live?

Of course, it's for attracting followers... Oh, no, on one hand, there's the consideration of popularizing science, and on the other hand, it's to explain things in more detail so that colleagues in the Physics Community can understand his thinking more quickly and better.

"The core idea of String Theory is that elementary particles are not points, but strings with a one-dimensional spatially extended vibrational structure. We can think of open strings as spaghetti and closed strings as Italy."

"So, we have now answered the question on page 6: strings can eliminate infinity. Furthermore, the theoretical basis for closed strings transmitting gravity is shown in the diagram. When a closed string vibrates and transmits gravity in this way, it becomes a graviton, which transmits gravity. It is this graviton, a combination of theories of gravity and Quantum Mechanics, that predicted Gravitational Waves. Gravitational Waves have been confirmed; over a thousand top scientists spent four months analyzing them, a project that led to Nobel Prize in Physics. Here, we express our respect for Professor Nanbu's historic contribution."

During his speech, Shen Qi expressed his respect for the predecessors in the Physics Community. It is by standing on the shoulders of their predecessors that later generations can go further and get closer and closer to the ultimate goal of physics.

It is generally accepted in the Physics Community that String Theory was first proposed in 1970 by Yoichiro Nambu, a Japanese-American physicist at the University of Chicago, who presented a complete theoretical framework.

Interestingly, Yoichiro Nambu's foundational 1970 paper on String Theory was actually first presented to the public in 1995 when he published a collection of his papers.

The Physics Community later confirmed Professor Nanbu's experience. In the spring of 1970, he completed his landmark paper on String Theory and then invited several of America's leading physicists to review his paper together in a secluded cabin.

The experts were shocked by Yoichiro Nambu's explosive theory and praised him, saying, "Nanbu, you wrote so well, so brilliantly, it's absolutely fantastic!"

Then, Nanfang went to San Francisco to give a special lecture. Upon arriving at the lecture hall, Professor Nanbu opened his briefcase and suddenly realized, "Damn it, where's my paper?"

There was no PowerPoint presentation at the time because Microsoft hadn't been founded yet. Nanbu originally planned to read from the thesis, but the thesis was lost.

Professor Nanbu then reported his research findings on String Theory based on his memory.

Although only a handful of people had read Nambu's paper, these individuals were all leading figures in physics, highly influential and authoritative. Coupled with the originality of Nambu's String Theory ideas at the time, and his excellent presentation skills, Yoichiro Nambu was widely regarded as the founder of String Theory even without finding the paper.

The Physics Community is full of Quirks. Little Nanbu has become Old Nanbu. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008, but the reason for the award was not String Theory, but the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism in Subatomic Physics.

Shen Qi continued his report, "Are you all wondering why we've gotten onto the topic of Gravitational Waves? Actually, I haven't strayed far from the point. We believe that if String Theory includes gravity, then this theory is the ultimate unified theory that integrates General Theory of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. And the prediction and confirmation of Gravitational Waves have verified that our unified approach is correct."

Shen Qi paused briefly to observe the situation. He saw that the guests were all listening attentively to his lecture.

Since no one has any objections, let's continue.

"Superstring Theory not only explains bosons through string vibrations, but also Fermi; this is the difference between Superstring Theory and String Theory."

"However, as is well known, Superstring Theory, which includes open strings, has a theoretical flaw." Shen Qi looked down at the audience, at the seats of his Theoretical Physics team.

The founders of Superstring Theory are Caltech physics professor Schwartz and his French student Nambu, who refined the theory of Raymond, a researcher at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

Edward Witten then made a strong entry into the field of Superstring Theory research. In order to study this stuff, he invented a set of mathematical methods, which inexplicably won him the Fields Medal. So the Physics Community is full of Quirks.

Although Witten is hailed as the foremost figure in Superstring Theory, his Nobel Prize in Physics was not awarded for Superstring Theory.

It's not that the Nobel Prize committee has any deliberate prejudice against String Theory or Superstring Theory; it's just that these profound pure theories are difficult to verify with existing instruments and equipment.

Moreover, at the theoretical level, Superstring Theory does indeed contain some contradictions that are difficult to reconcile.

Witten was present at the Yenching University auditorium; he was a member of Shen Qi Team.

For decades, Witten has been trying to improve the inconsistencies in Superstring Theory and M-theory.

Not long ago, Witten gained some new inspiration. His inspiration was confirmed and processed by Shen Qi, and then made into a PPT by 17 physics PhDs under Shen Qi, which will soon be presented to the world.

"What has caused countless physicists studying Superstring Theory to the point of contemplating suicide is that if Superstring Theory is not in nine-dimensional space, photons will have mass, which would contradict Special Theory of Relativity. In other words, the result of quantum oscillation has caused Superstring Theory to suffer from a 'theoretical disease' of losing its consistency." Shen Qi stated with regret and sorrow, helplessly describing a stubborn problem that the academic community has been unable to solve.

"This..." The physicists present were tense. "We've come all this way, Professor Shen, and this is all you're going to tell us?"

The viewers in the live stream were too shocked to send any comments. What the hell is going on?

Suddenly, Shen Qi's expression became excited. He raised his arms and shouted, switching to the next slide of the PPT: "Distinguished guests, science enthusiasts, I have some exciting news to announce! Just recently, our team finally solved a 'theoretical disease' in Superstring Theory using mathematical methods! Please look at the screen. We will temporarily call this new mathematical processing method the Lie group extension of quantum effect calculation based on Hybrid String Theory!"