Recaps

Miles and the others reached Vorgan Building, where Dani’s uncontrolled power revealed the memories of the tormented consciousness haunting its basement. Miles found the corpse and identified it as Erik Lehnsherr, while Obadiah’s global electronic storm continued to threaten the world.

• Obadiah used Cerebro to locate Mutants worldwide and unleashed a global electronic storm, but Miles stabilized the Blackbird against its effects.
• Miles led the group to Vorgan Building, where he sensed a powerful, anguished consciousness and struggled to communicate with it.
• As the group descended toward the basement, Dani’s powers turned the consciousness’s nightmare into visions of Erik’s losses and his murder by Mr. "♦".
• The visions ended in the basement, where Miles found a dried corpse wearing a suppression collar and used the X Terminal to reconstruct its face.
• The scan identified the corpse as Erik Lehnsherr, leaving Miles shaken by the discovery.

Miles and his companions uncovered the truth about the magnetic-field wraith, while Obadiah and Magneto destroyed the Leech Factories before Magneto’s identity as Nathaniel Essex, Mr. Sinister, was exposed. Charles attacked Mr. Sinister in grief over Erik’s murder, but stopped to spare the Institute’s students, allowing Mr. Sinister to escape as Charles collapsed.

• Miles identified the basement ghost as Erik’s spirit fused with the building’s magnetic field and decided to return later with Charles to retrieve his remains.
• Aurora told Miles that Obadiah had gone to the institute, and Miles saw a missile strike the mountains as Obadiah launched weapons worldwide at all 137 Leech Factories.
• Magneto trapped Obadiah with a psychic-sealing helmet and molecularly controlled armor, then used a hidden Sacred Remains to take Obadiah’s body and power.
• Charles recognized that the figure claiming to be Magneto was Nathaniel Essex, or Mr. Sinister, who admitted he had killed Erik and impersonated him.
• Mr. Sinister taunted Charles with Erik’s last word, prompting Charles to unleash a psychic assault that harmed people across the United States and at the Institute.
• Charles relented when Mr. Sinister warned that the students were suffering, and Mr. Sinister escaped through a spatial portal as Charles collapsed.

After Mr. Sinister manipulated the government into attacking Xavier’s Institute, Miles awakened a greater psychic power and stopped the missile strike, but the bombing killed several young mutants. Learning the truth about Nathaniel and Magneto’s fate, Miles vowed to kill Mr. Sinister and planned to resurrect Magneto.

• President and the officials approved the Mutant Eradication Plan after Rets Yoel reported that Charles Xavier was unconscious, while Mr. Sinister used a clone to manipulate them and killed the real Rets.
• Mr. Sinister took control of Essex Corporation’s researchers and began using Obadiah’s collected mutant genes in his pursuit of perfection.
• The government bombed Xavier’s Institute, killing Mona, Jonah, and Delia; Miles broke through his psychic limits and used his power to disable the missiles and cripple the military bases.
• Miles showed the survivors what had happened at the Vorgan Building, revealing that Nathaniel had deceived them and Magneto was dead, then declared that they had to kill Mr. Sinister.
• Miles asked Joshua to restore Magneto’s corpse and asked Clarice to take them to the Vorgan Building so he could resurrect Magneto.

Mr. Sinister returned to Xavier Institute with Chimera Mutants to seize Miles and discovered the X-Men’s plan to revive Erik. Miles confronted him, and the chapter ended with Madeleine and the surviving X-Men joining Miles to face Mr. Sinister.

• Mr. Sinister completed his fusion with the Apocalypse Body, absorbed Reyes’s genetic sample, and used a portal to invade Xavier Institute with his Chimera Mutants.
• Miles explained to the comatose Charles that he planned to restore Erik’s body and use Charles’s telepathy to guide Erik’s consciousness back into it.
• Mr. Sinister captured Aurora in the digital domain and learned about the revival plan, but Miles freed her with the Phoenix Force and confronted him in the hangar.
• Miles killed the charging Juggernaut clone with the X-0 Reaper, but Mr. Sinister destroyed the weapon and countered Miles’s psychic and Phoenix attacks.
• Mr. Sinister restrained Logan with magnetic force and redirected a Phoenix attack toward him, but Dani’s Demon Bear shielded Logan and was destroyed.
• Madeleine and the surviving X-Men arrived, and Miles raised the Reaper at Mr. Sinister and declared that only one of them would leave alive.

Mr. Sinister attacked Charles Xavier’s underground base, but Miles and Madeleine joined their psychic powers to unleash the Phoenix Force and apparently destroy him. A second, uninjured Mr. Sinister escaped through a portal, leaving Miles to suspect that his true goal was Aurora and the creation of digital life.

• Richter, Bobby, Sam, and the other X-Men fought Mr. Sinister’s Chimera Legion, while Mr. Sinister overwhelmed the defenders with psychic power and targeted Miles.
• Miles and Madeleine combined their minds to resist Mr. Sinister, and Madeleine blasted him with the Phoenix Force as the others fought the Chimeras.
• Mr. Sinister froze Madeleine, disarmed Miles, and seized him, but Sam’s charge and Madeleine’s return forced him to release Miles and open a portal.
• Miles and Madeleine fused their psychic powers and unleashed the Phoenix Force, apparently erasing Mr. Sinister and the ground beneath him.
• A second, uninjured Mr. Sinister appeared through a portal, withdrew with Reyes and the Chimera Legion, and warned Charles that they would meet again.
• Miles wondered why Mr. Sinister had tried to capture him and concluded that Aurora’s unique existence might be his real interest: a way to create digital life.

Mr. Sinister manipulated the federal government into approving a military assault and nuclear weapons against Hamilton, while Miles’s team prepared to resurrect Magneto and confront Nathaniel. As the X-Men assembled for the final battle at Vorgan Building, Charles awoke and joined them.

• Ms. Ritts persuaded the president and officials under Mr. Sinister’s influence to authorize an assault on Hamilton and approve nuclear weapons.
• Mr. Sinister discovered Miss Reyes investigating Obadiah Essex, destroyed her file, and sent her through a portal after his hold on himself faltered.
• Miles’s team found a Super Leech Prototype sent as a contingency by Rets Yoel and concluded that the federal government was under Mr. Sinister’s control.
• Miles learned that Dr. Stasis’s research had helped Aurora complete the Magneto resurrection plan, then discovered troops were mobilizing toward Hamilton.
• Miles told Charles he would resurrect Magneto for the coming threat, and Charles admitted he was unsure whether Erik’s return was safe.
• The X-Men assembled in new uniforms to face the federal military, the Chimera Legion, and Nathaniel, while Clarice reported that thousands of troops had gathered near Vorgan Building and Charles joined the team.

Miles and the others fought Mr. Sinister’s forces outside the Vorgan Building while Charles and Joshua descended toward Erik underground. After artillery and a devastating tornado left the group battered and Madeleine exhausted, the Chimera Legion appeared through a spatial gateway.

• Mr. Sinister told General Joseph to let the Mutants attempt Magneto’s resurrection, then ordered him to greet them and launch the Hive protocol when Miles and the others arrived.
• Miles and Mr. Sinister fought for control of the drone swarm, while Miles and Madeleine disabled incoming missiles; Miles could not break through Mr. Sinister’s defenses around the military camp.
• Miles identified the approaching howitzers, and Madeleine raised a barrier as the artillery bombardment shook the ground; Charles and Joshua continued toward the Magnetic-Field Wraith beneath the building.
• Mr. Sinister emerged through a spatial rift and unleashed a tornado using Storm’s ability, tearing away the upper half of the Vorgan Building as Richter reinforced its foundation and Madeleine’s barrier protected the group.
• The artillery resumed and shattered Madeleine’s barrier; Miles stopped and hurled back a shell with Phoenix Force telekinesis, leaving the group injured and Madeleine unable to stand.
• A purple spatial gateway opened beside the survivors, and the Chimera Legion arrived.

Charles used Erik’s lingering consciousness to bring him back, while the X-Men fought Mr. Sinister and his Chimera Legion. Charlotte destroyed the camp’s ammunition depot but did not return, Miles and Madeleine were defeated, and an awakened Magneto rose from the ruins to repel the missiles.

• Charles connected with Erik’s fragmented consciousness and relived their shared memories as he began restoring his old friend.
• Charlotte possessed an engineer, planted explosives in the military camp’s ammunition depot, and sacrificed her consciousness to delay Mr. Sinister; the depot exploded, but she did not return to her body.
• A second Mr. Sinister appeared, broke Miles’s control over the Chimera Legion, and overwhelmed the exhausted X-Men as Madeleine and Miles fought back.
• Miles unleashed the Phoenix power within him, nearly destroyed one Mr. Sinister, and was left gravely injured before Mr. Sinister began healing him.
• Dozens of tactical missiles approached the battlefield, but Erik’s magnetic power stopped them and sent them flying away.
• Magneto emerged from the ruins of Vorgan Building, floating amid the suspended rubble.

Magneto and Charles overwhelmed Mr. Sinister’s forces, but a third clone escaped with Miles to Essex Corporation, where Miles used the Gene Conduction Device to expose Nathaniel’s true body. As Magneto and Charles confronted him, Aurora relayed Miles’s signal and Logan prepared to attack the underground base.

• Magneto fused with Earth’s magnetic field, killing or disabling many Chimera Mutants while Charles helped him overpower the two Mr. Sinisters and Miles was sent through a spatial gateway.
• A third Mr. Sinister rescued his other self, but Magneto crushed the remaining Chimera Mutants and learned that Miles had asked Charles to create an opportunity to kill Nathaniel.
• At Essex Corporation, the rescued clone restrained Miles while the real Mr. Sinister used Miles’s, Magneto’s, and Charles’s genetic samples in the Gene Conduction Device.
• Miles triggered interference that disrupted the underground base and revealed the real Mr. Sinister, then Magneto and Charles arrived through a portal from Hamilton.
• Aurora revealed that she had forwarded Miles’s distress signal to Hamilton, and Logan prepared to begin the operation inside a cargo truck carrying the Super Leech Prototype.

Magneto, Charles, Miles, and their allies fought to contain Mr. Sinister while Logan and Aurora drove a drone-equipped truck toward the laboratory’s core. The base’s systems fell into chaos, and the chapter ended with Cecilia Reyes escaping her confinement room.

• Magneto and Charles suppressed Mr. Sinister as he split into weaker clones and repeatedly tried to flee through spatial gates, while Madeleine and Miles helped defeat the other clones.
• Mr. Sinister’s clones multiplied inside Magneto’s magnetic prison, and Miles joined the psychic struggle as the President handed General Harrison the emergency communications device linked to a nuclear strike.
• Logan and Aurora’s armored truck fought through Essex Corporation security and Chimera Mutants, with Logan and the drones clearing the way toward the core area.
• Mr. Sinister tried to seal the routes to the core, but Miles contested his control of the base’s electronic systems, throwing the facility into disorder.
• Cecilia Reyes discovered that her suppressor collar had failed, broke the confinement-room lock, and walked out through the opened glass door.

Logan and Reyes reached the core laboratory as Miles and the others stripped Mr. Sinister of his powers and Miles burned away his body and immortal soul. After the Mutants confirmed his death, Magneto redirected a nuclear missile toward the White House and disabled its fuse, leaving it embedded harmlessly in the lawn as a warning.

• Logan fought through the shifting Essex base with Aurora’s drones, rescued Reyes from the Chimeras, and followed her through an abandoned construction passage to the core laboratory.
• Phoenix Fire destroyed the last Sinister clone, while the Super Leech suppressed the abilities of Mr. Sinister and the other Mutants.
• Logan restrained the powerless Mr. Sinister as Miles confronted him and used residual Phoenix energy to burn him and his immortal soul to ash.
• Aurora ended the Super Leech’s suppression, and Miles learned that the federal government had launched a nuclear missile with thirty seconds remaining.
• Magneto sent the missile back toward the White House, where its fuse circuit was severed and the warhead landed without exploding.

At the funeral for Nathaniel’s victims, Charlotte woke from a soul-linked coma and returned to her friends. Miles decided to leave the institute for a few years, but Madeleine insisted on going with him; Logan then revealed that he had knocked out a masked stranger named Wade who had come looking for Wolverine.

• Charles delivered a eulogy for Jonah Sersi, Mona Garcia, Delia Ella, and Charlotte Fran as Miles and Sam buried Jonah, then Charlotte suddenly woke in her coffin.
• Miles and Richter discussed Magneto’s departure and their own plans, and Miles told Magneto he would travel rather than join him.
• Charlotte explained that she had possessed Nathaniel’s second body and survived by becoming part of his soul; Charles confirmed that Charlotte had returned safely.
• Miles reasoned that Rets Yoel and Obadiah were dead while Nathaniel and Stasis might have backups, and he suggested leaving the Essex clones alive to oppose them.
• At the bonfire, Madeleine refused Miles’s attempts to persuade her to stay at the institute and insisted on traveling with him.
• Logan told Miles that a masked man named Wade had sought Wolverine, so Logan had knocked him out and left him outside.

The author reflected on the difficult writing and cut plotlines of Volume Two, then outlined plans to begin Volume Three with The Amazing Spider-Man 2 before moving to the MCU. The author also noted revisions to earlier chapters and advised readers to skip most of Volume Three because they disliked how it turned out.

• The author explained that Volume Two grew beyond its original plan, adding Sinister’s four clones, Magneto, and Madeleine while cutting several plotlines that left parts of the story abrupt.
• The author discussed Juggernaut’s movie origins, Wolverine’s limited role, and the effort put into writing Sinister and Obadiah.
• The author said Volume Three would focus on The Amazing Spider-Man 2 before the MCU arc, with a brighter tone and a major final battle.
• The author reported revising Chapter Six so Miles’s controlled old woman fired a gun without killing anyone, while the later plot stayed unchanged.
• The author later said Volume Three was finished but poorly written, advised readers to skip most of it, and mentioned revised Madeleine scenes.

Miles kidnapped Deadpool to lure TVA agents and take their Time Controllers, but a controller reacted to Miles’s powers and transported him away. Madeleine followed Deadpool to the TVA in search of Miles, while Charles arrived at the basement to investigate.

• Miles questioned Deadpool about the TVA, introduced himself as a clone of Professor Charles Xavier, and used Mind Control to silence him.
• TVA agents arrived to arrest Deadpool, but Miles froze them and took eight Time Controllers from them.
• Miles tried to unlock a Time Controller, and its strange technology began resonating with his Electronic Signal Manipulation ability.
• The controller erupted in golden light and transported Miles away as Aurora activated the First Escape Protocol.
• Madeleine found Deadpool being beaten by the TVA agents, learned from his mind that Miles had gone to the Multiverse, and forced Deadpool to take her to the TVA.
• Charles arrived with a group and asked the TVA agents what had happened.

Miles and Aurora arrived in 2014 New York, a world without mutants, where Spider-Man fought crime as a celebrated hero. After surveying the Osborn Corporation’s secret research, Miles avoided getting entangled in its coming chaos and chose the United States Atomic Energy Research Center as his next target, where Otto Octavius led a nuclear fusion project.

• Miles used his telepathy to collect his fallen time controllers and learned that the teenager he had briefly controlled was Miles Morales.
• Aurora revealed that she had transferred her consciousness into Miles’s terminal to protect him, and they discovered they had arrived in a different 2014 New York.
• Miles watched Spider-Man stop a plutonium truck robbery and explained to Aurora that this world’s super-powered vigilantes were called superheroes.
• Miles scanned the Osborn Corporation’s network and obtained classified research data, including details about the Double-Zero Project.
• Miles decided to avoid the Osborn Corporation and searched for another laboratory, finding the United States Atomic Energy Research Center and Otto Octavius’s fusion project.

Miles infiltrated the Atomic Energy Research Center, befriended Dr. Otto through a discussion of fusion research, and created a legal identity for himself. In Chinatown, he tried to persuade Peter to reunite with Gwen, but Peter left after their breakup, while Miles struggled with his plan to obtain Peter’s blood.

• Miles entered the research center unseen and discussed magnetic confinement fusion with Dr. Otto, who considered recommending him as an official researcher.
• Miles used Aurora to create a birth record, Social Security number, and school enrollment, giving himself a legal identity as Miles Zero.
• Peter saw Gwen dining with her family, remembered Officer George’s warning, and left without joining them.
• Gwen followed Peter outside, and after they argued about the danger of his Spider-Man life, she broke up with him.
• Miles met Peter and challenged his decision to stay away from Gwen, but Peter ran off after taking a roujiamo from him.
• Miles admitted to Aurora that he wanted Peter’s blood for Spider-Man Serum research but did not want to manipulate or harm him.

Miles used the Atomic Energy Research Center to advance several technology projects, recruit potential allies, and collect a blood sample from Kraven the Hunter. He then began a high-energy ion pulse experiment to force-start a Time Controller, and the chapter ended as the beam struck it.

• Miles oversaw the Secondary Adamantium smelting experiment and designed the Psypoint Suit while planning other projects at the research center.
• Miles hired Adrian and Curt Connors, then sought out several other potential recruits and made contact with Peter Parker.
• Miles found Sergei Kravinoff in Africa, restrained him, collected his blood, and erased his memory of the encounter.
• Miles gave Kraven's blood to Doctor Connors and prepared an ion pulse experiment with Dr. Otto Octavius to force-start a Time Controller.
• Miles ordered the experiment to begin, and a beam of energy from the particle accelerator struck the Time Controller.

Miles and Dr. Otto Octavius opened a Spacetime Vortex, briefly connecting Miles to Madeleine as she escaped Cassandra Nova. After the experiment, Miles gathered Spider-Venom and made a deal with Norman Osborn to help cure his illness in exchange for protecting Peter, while Kraven arrived in New York to hunt Miles.

• Miles and Dr. Otto Octavius activated the Time Controller, opening a Spacetime Vortex that linked Miles to Madeleine across universes.
• The connection restored Madeleine's power, allowing her to escape Cassandra Nova through a portal while Deadpool and Wolverine remained behind with Cassandra.
• The vortex collapsed, and Miles gave the damaged Time Controller to Dr. Otto Octavius before scheduling another experiment in three days.
• Peter secretly watched Gwen, then left to rescue a boy from a burning building and returned home after an ordinary day of Spider-Man work.
• Miles infiltrated the Osborn Group, took one vial of Spider-Venom, and persuaded Norman Osborn to provide a gene sample and look after Peter after Miles left.
• Kraven the Hunter arrived in New York from South Africa, determined to find Miles.

Miles and Dr. Otto Octavius discovered that the Time Controller might communicate with a spacetime mainframe, while Miles secretly cared for Norman Osborn after faking his death. Max Dillon transformed into Electro, and Miles headed to New York to watch over Peter as Peter’s Spider-Sense warned him of danger.

• Miles’s second Time Controller experiment destroyed the device, but Dr. Otto Octavius concluded it may have been a terminal communicating with a spacetime mainframe.
• Harry learned the truth about his family’s hereditary disease and received his father’s authorization key, while Max Dillon was electrocuted in an eel tank and emerged from the wreckage with strange powers.
• Norman Osborn’s death was announced publicly, but Miles had secretly rescued him and let him watch Harry meet Peter and confront the Osborn Group board.
• Peter met Gwen, learned she was leaving for Oxford, and vanished when his Spider-Sense warned him of danger.
• Dr. Adrian showed Miles the new UFO Drone, and Aurora warned him that Electro had appeared.
• Miles flew toward downtown New York with two UFO Drones, planning to intervene if Electro put Peter in danger.

Miles became entangled in a clash between Electro and Kraven the Hunter, using his mental powers to stop both men and reveal himself to Spider-Man and Gwen. After Kraven was arrested, Miles introduced himself as Psypoint and flew away.

• Kraven the Hunter spotted Miles hovering nearby and deliberately shot at Electro, provoking Electro to attack Miles.
• Miles restrained Kraven and subdued Electro, but Electro's electricity disabled Miles's Flying Skateboard and forced him to land.
• Miles used his mental powers to escape the police and later caught Kraven, while Spider-Man arrived and tried to stop Miles from harming him.
• Gwen arrived, and Miles restrained her and Spider-Man before making Kraven confess his crimes to the police.
• Miles told Spider-Man he had taken Kraven's blood for research, then boarded a new Flying Skateboard and identified himself as Psypoint before flying away.

Miles pushed to contact the Spacetime Mainframe during the third Ion Pulse Experiment, but the vortex instead delivered a Batarang from another dimension. As Miles prepared for another experiment, Adrian Toomes launched his revenge against Gregory Bestman.

• Peter Parker struggled to understand Psypoint's motives, while Miles ordered Dr. Otto Octavius to prepare a third experiment and learned of his Spacetime Energy theory.
• Miles asked Dr. Curt Connors to meet Peter Parker and study his blood, as Harry Osborn told Peter he needed Spider-Man's blood to survive.
• Miles ordered Aurora to help Gwen Stacy expose Donald Menken's cover-up of Max Dillon's accident, and Gwen obtained the incriminating data.
• Miles used Electronic Signal Manipulation during the third Ion Pulse Experiment, but a Batarang emerged from the vortex before Miles shut down its explosive signal.
• Miles learned that Dr. Adrian, the Vulture, had left with armed UFO Drones and allowed him to proceed with revenge against Gregory Bestman.
• Adrian launched two UFO Drones toward Bestman & Toomes Electronics Group, where Gregory was holding a party.

Adrian used Miles’s UFO Drones to attack Gregory Bestman’s building, but Spider-Man rescued the civilians and stopped one drone. Miles confronted Peter Parker, revealed personal details about his life, and arranged for Doctor Connors to meet him, leaving Peter reconsidering his beliefs but still unwilling to provide his blood.

• Adrian directed the UFO Drones to attack Bestman’s building, and Spider-Man rescued Bestman and other civilians as the lobby collapsed.
• Spider-Man damaged one drone and pursued Adrian, while Miles cut off Adrian after learning he intended to sell the remaining drone.
• Miles stopped Adrian from fleeing and told Spider-Man that he had allowed Adrian’s revenge, then revealed details about Peter Parker’s family and offered to help Harry Osborn.
• Spider-Man refused to provide his blood, and Miles brought Doctor Connors to meet him, revealing that Connors had recovered his right hand.
• Peter thanked Miles but said he still needed time to decide about his blood, then asked to take a picture of Psypoint.

Miles freed Electro from Ravencroft, advanced his alloy and genetic research, and continued experiments to open a spacetime passage. The fifth experiment succeeded but brought an older version of Miles from another world into the laboratory, where the two faced off over the Time Controller.

• Miles used his psychic power to erase Doctor Kafka’s memories, put Electro to sleep, take a blood sample, and loosen his restraints so he could escape.
• Miles learned that Secondary Adamantium had been successfully smelted and ordered the armor and drone protective modules redesigned.
• Doctor Connors reported findings on Spider-Venom and Kraven’s blood, while Miles gave him Electro’s blood to analyze for replicable abilities.
• Miles stabilized the fourth Ion Pulse Experiment and sensed a familiar consciousness calling his name, but the passage collapsed when the connection shook.
• Miles opened a stable spacetime passage in the fifth experiment, and an older Miles Zero emerged, attacked the researchers’ minds, and reached for the Time Controller.

Miles fought his future self, who revealed how the deaths of Charles, Logan, and Laura drove him to seek revenge on humanity. After Future Miles escaped toward Manhattan, Miles pursued him, reflecting that their lives diverged when his counterpart failed to save Charles.

• Future Miles invaded Aurora and the laboratory’s systems, but Miles blocked him and protected the fleeing researchers during their psychic battle.
• Miles and Aurora attacked with UFO Drones, but Future Miles used a shield generator and EMP grenade to disable the drones and disconnect Aurora.
• Miles struck Future Miles with the Phoenix Force and learned that Charles, Logan, and Laura had died, prompting him to slaughter the people at Whiteman Air Force Base.
• Future Miles blasted a hole through the laboratory wall, escaped using a flight pack, and left Miles injured when his miniature bombs destroyed the facility.
• Aurora located Future Miles heading toward Manhattan, and Miles suited up and pursued him across New York Bay.

Max Dillon recovered his memories and set out to find Psypoint and Spider-Man, while Black Spirit attacked the Polaris and fled with a hostage. Miles pursued him and learned Black Spirit planned to open a permanent gate between two worlds, but Spider-Man intervened just as they aimed their weapons at each other.

• Max Dillon remembered Psypoint's kindness, regained control of his powers, and headed for Jefferson Port after hearing news of the attack.
• Black Spirit used mind control to shield himself with cruise passengers, breached the Polaris's hull, and escaped with Tom as Miles coordinated the rescue.
• Miles pursued Black Spirit, saved Tom from a fall and a bomb, and was caught by Spider-Man, who then followed him.
• Black Spirit seized control of pedestrians, and Miles confronted him as their psychic powers clashed; Black Spirit revealed his plan to bring the ruined world's survivors through a permanent spacetime gate.
• Miles and Black Spirit aimed their weapons at each other, but Spider-Man webbed both guns away and interrupted the standoff.