Moscow
Please Call Me Your Majesty the TsarBiodata
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Name | Moscow (莫斯克) |
| Type | City; imperial capital 37 |
| Location | Center of the East European Plain, within the Tsarist Russian Empire 37 |
| Affiliation | Tsarist Russian Empire 11 |
| Role | Former capital and secondary capital; restored as the empire’s capital under Mikhail II 11 27 37 |
| Notable Landmark | Kremlin, the traditional site of tsarist coronations 11 |
| Military District | Mosk Military District 19 44 |
| Status | Under Mikhail II’s rule; damaged during the civil war, but its central Kremlin area remains intact 35 37 |
| First Appearance | Chapter 11, “March on Moscow” 11 |
Geography and Strategic Importance
- Central position: Moscow lies at the center of the East European Plain. Mikhail considers it a better imperial center than the more remote Petersburg, particularly for concentrating on continental European threats and strengthening control over the empire’s south 37.
- Eastern railway connection: A railway runs east from Moscow through Kazan to Orenburg and onward into western Siberia. Capturing Kazan gives Mikhail’s army a direct rail route toward Moscow 16.
- Southeastern approach: Ryazan lies southeast of Moscow and is connected to it by rail, making it a key objective for General Brusilov’s advancing army 20.
- Noginsk approach: The railway line and station at Noginsk become contested positions during the advance on Moscow. Nicholas sends the Guards Army there to strike Mikhail’s vanguard before it reaches the city 28.
Religious and Political Significance
- Coronation city: The Kremlin is where tsars are crowned. Mikhail’s plan to capture Moscow is therefore also a plan to secure his coronation and establish himself as the legitimate ruler 11 27.
- Religious center: Moscow is described as the center of the Eastern Orthodox Church and a traditional spiritual symbol 11.
- Rival headquarters: During the civil war, Grand Duke Nicholas establishes his headquarters in the Kremlin and hopes to hold his own coronation there 19.
History
Civil War Mobilization
After the succession crisis escalated into civil war, Grand Duke Mikhail made Moscow a principal objective. His campaign divided into two mutually supporting advances: Mikhail led the main army north along the Volga toward Kazan, while General Brusilov marched overland through Donetsk, Kharkov, Voronezh, and Ryazan toward Moscow 11.
Grand Duke Nicholas responded by bringing the Imperial Guard and Petersburg troops to Moscow. Reinforcements from the Huasha and Vilna Military Districts joined the local Mosk Military District forces, creating a planned concentration of more than 350,000 men. Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich served as Moscow’s governor-general and commander of the Mosk Military District 13 16 19.
The Approaches to Moscow
Mikhail’s capture of Kazan opened the railway route west. His cavalry secured strategic railway positions ahead of the main army, allowing the advance toward Moscow to proceed rapidly 23 25 26.
Nicholas initially concentrated his forces against Brusilov at Ryazan, but repeated attacks failed. With Moscow’s remaining garrison too weak to face Mikhail’s main army, Nicholas withdrew the Guards Army and Petersburg troops to defend the city, leaving other formations to delay Brusilov 26 27.
The attempt to regain the initiative at Noginsk ended in disaster. Mikhail’s forces surrounded and defeated the Guards Army, capturing Noginsk on May 23 and taking 20,000 prisoners. Brusilov also defeated the forces blocking him at Ryazan and advanced by rail, bringing the two Caucasus armies toward Moscow from separate directions 28 30 31.
Siege and Capture
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| May 29 | Mikhail’s main army and Brusilov’s forces reach the approaches to Moscow, preparing for the decisive battle 32. |
| May 31 | Mikhail begins a bombardment with more than a thousand guns, including 76.2 mm artillery, 122 mm howitzers, and 152 mm heavy howitzers. The defenders’ artillery is overwhelmed 32. |
| During the bombardment | Sergei secretly sends his guard captain, Ivan, to negotiate with Mikhail. He accepts an offer to become minister of war in exchange for the Mosk Military District’s cooperation 32 33. |
| June 1 | Caucasus troops assault Moscow. Mosk Military District units open their defensive lines and attack their former Petersburg allies, causing Nicholas’s defenses to collapse 34. |
| After the collapse | Nicholas refuses to flee and shoots himself while seated on the tsar’s throne. General Nikolai Obruchev orders the remaining defenders to surrender 34. |
Mikhail’s troops subsequently took control of the entire city, and he entered Moscow under guard. Although the bombardment had damaged the city, the rapid end to the fighting limited the overall destruction; the central area around the Kremlin survived intact. Mikhail ordered the tsar’s throne replaced 35.
Restoration as Imperial Capital
Following his victory, Mikhail was crowned tsar on June 18, 1898. His first order after becoming tsar was to move the imperial capital from Petersburg back to Moscow 36 37.
Plehve proposed a gradual transition in which both cities would initially serve as capitals. Mikhail rejected the dual-capital arrangement and insisted on the transfer without further debate, using the decision to assert his authority over the senior officials 37.
Administration and Defense
- Wartime governor-general: Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich governed Moscow and commanded the Mosk Military District during Nicholas’s defense of the city 19.
- Capital security: Under Mikhail’s army reforms, the Mosk Military District guards the imperial capital and serves as the army’s principal strategic reserve 44.
- Direct imperial command: Mikhail concurrently becomes commander of the Mosk Military District, with General Brusilov as its chief of staff 45.
- Wartime operations: The reorganized military districts train their troops, while the Imperial General Staff exercises operational command during war 44.