On May 8, 1871—the final day of the Paris Commune—the miscellany published in the "Bulletin" was quite interesting.
On April 26 of that same year, an incident reflecting the struggle against the Bavarian bishops and government took place at the Munich Theater. Kleist's The Broken Jug was being performed that day. The actress playing Mrs. Marthe had reached an interlude in the play, where it was said that a broken jug bore the image of an emperor and a bishop. Pointing at the bishop, the actress said, "Now then, where has this man's head gone?"
The audience burst into laughter, mixed with cheers and applause. The king was also watching the performance. He responded to the audience's reaction with a meaningful smile and remained in the royal box until the end of the play.
The King of Bavaria at the time happened to be Ludwig II.
According to the newspapers, Bavaria was not peaceful at the time either. With the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, the French troops stationed in Rome withdrew back home. No longer concerned about France's threats, the King of Italy intended to annex the Papal States.
The King of Italy first sent a secret letter to the Pope in Rome and proposed a solution that would preserve the Holy See's dignity: Italian troops would peacefully enter Rome in the name of protecting the Pope. However, Pius IX rejected the proposal.
The French Emperor had no time to come to the rescue, but would the German Emperor be willing to?
Although Germany was the birthplace of Protestantism, and many people believed in atheism and science, the ruling Habsburg dynasty at the time was still Catholic.
In the Holy Roman Empire, the divine right of kings and coronation ceremonies were not actually regarded as all that important. Charles