Before the invention of the telescope, people mainly relied on their own eyes to observe the stars. The famous astrologer Tycho Dodonus was also the sharpest observer of his age.
One day after sunset, as he was preparing to make his usual observations, he noticed a new star shining overhead, brighter than all the others.
Since he already knew the position of every star in the sky by heart, he immediately saw that this was a star that had never existed before, and recorded the event.
People at the time believed that everything in the heavens had remained unchanged since creation, that the number of celestial bodies could neither increase nor decrease. Thus, the appearance of this new star delighted Tycho Dodonus immensely.
But after Galileo improved the telescope, he greatly increased the number of known stars, because telescopes allowed people to see farther into the world. Aristotle and Ptolemy's assumption that "the eye can reach the limits of the universe"—the celestial sphere enclosing all things—was shattered. The boundary of the visible world was no longer the boundary of the real world; indeed, the visible world became an island within the real one.
Galileo also observed the surface of the moon. It was not another Earth, as Pythagoras had believed, nor was it another luminous heavenly body. Like Earth, it had mountains and plains. At the same time, Earth was no longer a cesspit where all the universe's heavy refuse gathered.
According to the arrangement of the Kabbalah's Tree of Life, the chakra representing "Kingdom" lay in the material world, but it was not the foundation of all things. The foundation of all things was God's creative power. Earth and humankind, composed of the four elements, occupied the Kingdom; both had been created by God.
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