Reversed Centrifugal Force
Throughout the history of human scientific development, there has been considerable research on black holes, and naturally, there has been much research on Black Hole Photon Sphere as well. After all, a black hole is called a black hole because its Gravity is so strong that it can even capture light, which is why it is so difficult to observe in the starry sky.
The study of black holes is also inseparable from photons, or rather, most of the physical research in the universe is related to light.
Black holes exhibit three physical properties: mass, electric charge, and angular momentum.
This black hole was clearly formed from the explosion and subsequent merger of ancient stars. Over the years, it has devoured all the surrounding dust, leaving no Accretion Disk. Such a black hole grows larger by consuming matter, and because the matter is electrically neutral, it also exhibits a neutral charge.
Therefore, if we study it through direct observation, we can only study it through the two parameters of mass and angular momentum. However, its influence on other objects around it is also one of the ways to study it, such as its Photon Sphere.
The Photon Sphere of a black hole consists of photons that are temporarily trapped by the powerful Gravity of the black hole. They are like a layer of light attached to the black hole, making the black hole appear at close range as a magical sphere of light that can be seen directly from the front and back.
The thickness of this photon shell has already been calculated using the principles of General Relativity: it is 0.5 times the Black Hole Radius. The Schwarzschild Radius of a black hole is the radius of the sphere formed by the Event Horizon of the black hole. In other words, the so-called Photon Sphere thickness is the distance from the Event Horizon of the black hole to 1.5 times the Schwarzschild Radius.
So, what does it mean that humanity has discovered, through the perspective of Tachyon Detection, that the black hole's dark radius has suddenly expanded to 1.5 times its original radius? The distance from the outermost edge of the Photon Sphere to the black hole singularity is also 1.5 times the Black Hole Radius. Is this a coincidence, or is there another reason?
On this issue, scientists have made it very clear to everyone that this is not a coincidence.
The explanation for this has to start with human research on the Black Hole Photon Sphere. Scientists have calculated through a certain solution of black hole in General Relativity that the gravitational Gravity that photons receive on the surface of the Photon Sphere is equal to and opposite to the centrifugal force they generate as they orbit the black hole.
Well, there's nothing unusual about that; it aligns with normal human logic.
The centrifugal force on photons outside the Photon Sphere is greater than the Gravity of the black hole. Since photons are moving at high speeds, reaching the speed of light, they cannot be confined here. The faster the speed, the greater the centrifugal force, which is normal and logical.
However, the solution inside the Photon Sphere is unexpected and defies normal human logic. Inside the Photon Sphere, the direction of the centrifugal force on photons is reversed; the centrifugal force becomes negative, pointing towards the black hole. In other words, the faster a photon travels inside the Photon Sphere, the greater the Gravity from the black hole it experiences, which is counterintuitive.
However, no matter how fast a photon travels, it is still the speed of light, because they are light. Therefore, the idea that the faster a photon travels, the greater the negative centrifugal force it receives seems to be nonsense.
This is not actually the case. In General Relativity, this reversal of centrifugal force to a negative value only applies to particles with zero mass, namely photons. Other particles with positive mass, once they enter the Photon Sphere, will fall directly into the black hole and cannot operate stably within Photon Sphere. This is why the Photon Sphere is called Photon Sphere rather than Accretion Disk.
Since photons inside the Photon Sphere travel faster and experience greater negative centrifugal force, while photons on the surface of the Photon Sphere experience positive centrifugal force equal to the Gravity of a black hole, are the photons inside the Photon Sphere or faster than those on the surface? Which one actually represents the speed of light?
So, should we define their speeds as a faster speed of light and a slower speed of light? If so, then what is the true speed of light? Can the speed of light be changed?
Or are they still moving at the same speed?
Based on calculations that photons, being massless particles, experience negative centrifugal force within Photon Sphere, and that the faster they travel, the greater the negative centrifugal force, they should have already fallen into the black hole. How can they still be stably operating within the Photon Sphere? After all, there is no positive centrifugal force anymore. The negative centrifugal force and the black hole's Gravity both point towards the black hole's singularity. Since the forces are all pointing in the same direction, there shouldn't be any so-called stable operating region, and therefore, the Photon Sphere doesn't exist.
However, the facts of the universe tell humanity that Photon Sphere do exist, meaning that photons can still move stably counterintuitively even under negative centrifugal force.
It can't be that the universe is wrong; it must be that humanity's own theories are wrong? Or are humanity's theories also correct, but they just don't conform to normal human logic?
If it's the latter, then the question comes full circle: how do photons move stably? Should photons closer to the Event Horizon travel faster or slower? Since they're all traveling at the speed of light, how can there be different speeds? Has the speed of light really changed?
Obviously, as long as the calculation result is accepted, the speed of light is constant, because it is a result obtained from General Relativity, and the premise of relativity is that the speed of light is constant.
The speed of light in a vacuum is constant for all Observer and is independent of the Observer's speed of motion; this is the famous Principle of Constancy of the Speed of Light.
Therefore, the speed of light observed by humans should be consistent; there is no such thing as a slightly faster or slower speed of light.
So what physical phenomenon has occurred in the Photon Sphere that causes such a contradiction in the phenomena observed by humans?
The answer given by human scientists is that the speed of light remains constant; only this spacetime has changed.
The reason why Tachyon Detection yields such results is because Tachyon are also subjected to negative centrifugal force here. And because the faster the speed, the greater the negative centrifugal force, Tachyon faster than light cannot escape once they enter this range. That is why humans see the 'dark' radius representing the black hole increase in the feedback, and become the same as the radius of the Photon Sphere.
This is the only way to explain the phenomenon of black holes appearing larger when observed using Tachyon Detection methods.
If this conclusion is correct, then human scientists can confirm that Tachyon possess certain physical properties similar to those of photons under specific conditions.
Coincidentally, this conclusion perfectly matches the process by which humans obtained Tachyon. After all, humans obtained Tachyon from Astronomical-Level Particle Collision Experiment, and particle collisions are the interaction of the Four Fundamental Forces. Tachyon are the result of their interaction, and now they are also related to photons, which means they are related to Electromagnetic Force.
Does this mean that humanity can start researching Tachyon- related technologies from this direction in the future? This is definitely worth a try, and I believe the scientists involved in this black hole exploration are already planning their research directions after the exploration is completed.
Perhaps if we continue researching in this direction, we might find the type of Tachyon predicted by Tachyon theory that could be used in weapons.
As for the reason why the centrifugal force of photons reverses its direction of logic within the boundary of the Photon Sphere, that is another branch of scientific research.