Time and Space Reversed
Scientists say the reason is that spacetime has changed, but this is just a statement without a specific explanation. However, their research on this topic has not stopped.
In the following period, scientists threw various experimental objects into the black hole, such as Strong Material and various Antimatter rays, and then observed it through the detectors that had been launched earlier.
And so, the experiments were carried out one after another, and Human Civilization gradually found some useful things from the massive amount of data.
For example, the theory of spatiotemporal specificity has been brought up again.
Some scientists have suggested that the reason why centrifugal force reverses inside the Photon Sphere is because the Time Coordinate and Space Coordinate inside the black hole have been interchanged. In other words, the Schwarzschild Radius R has become the time axis, while the original Time Coordinate T has become the Space Coordinate.
This explanation seems to make sense. It explains why matter falls rapidly toward the singularity, or the position where R equals 0, after crossing the One-way Membrane. It's a result of the Space Coordinate inside the One-way Membrane being interchanged with the Time Coordinate.
However, it only appears that the "inside the black hole" in this theory originally refers to the region from the Event Horizon to the singularity, which is the region where time and Space Coordinate are interchanged, rather than the Photon Sphere.
In response to this question from others, the scientist who proposed this view explained that the final fate of matter after entering the Innermost Stable Circular Orbit of a black hole is to fall into the black hole. Similarly, photons inside the surface of the Photon Sphere cannot escape and will eventually be swallowed by the black hole in one direction. What people see as the Photon Sphere is merely the escaped photons from the critical surface of the Photon Sphere.
One Human Civilization theory about black holes suggests that the singularity of an ordinary black hole is only infinitely close to, and not truly, a singularity. Furthermore, the spacetime outside the singularity, from a spacetime perspective, is not entirely Return to Void. Simultaneously, within the Event Horizon a black hole, at the point where R equals 0, the Space Coordinate within the One-way Membrane have already interchanged with the Time Coordinate.
Therefore, it is clear that the time direction within the Event Horizon a black hole points to the position where R equals 0.
The massive matter within the Innermost Stable Circular Orbit and the massless photons within the Photon Sphere conform to the One-way Membrane description of this theory, so scientists who insist on this view feel that their point of view is correct.
Another group of scientists does not support this forced interpretation, but they believe that the permutation of Time Coordinate and Space Coordinate within the Event Horizon of a black hole is correct. However, they also understand that with current technology, this theoretical deduction cannot be verified experimentally.
Because that requires understanding the nature of space and time, at the very least having a deep understanding of these two physical quantities, and obtaining information about the time attributes that have been transformed into spatial attributes by being pulled out of the black hole, or vice versa, in order to verify whether the theory is correct.
Clearly, this is a dead end for humanity's current level of technology.
For this reason, most scientists scoff at the idea of explaining the counterintuitive properties of the Photon Sphere from this perspective, and instead believe that the idea of photon centrifugal force simply does not exist.
It's very simple. The concept of centrifugal force is relative to a mass-based frame of reference. Photons have no mass, so there's no such thing as centrifugal force reversal.
This statement directly addresses the core arguments of previous scientists' research on Photon Sphere, forcing scientists who have dedicated themselves to this field for many years to confront the issue head-on.
In particular, the stable operation of photons within the Photon Sphere cannot be explained by centrifugal force. However, it can explain why Tachyon cannot escape, since Tachyon have Negative Mass and therefore experience negative centrifugal force, which makes logical sense.
But a massless photon
After some calculations and deductions, scientists believe that the problem is caused by the excessively strong Gravity of black holes, or by the powerful Gravity distorting spacetime.
There are two different viewpoints among them to explain this. One side believes that the black hole's ability to devour matter without ever leaving it is to devour spacetime itself, while the other side believes that it only devours matter that exists in spacetime.
The difference between the two is easy to distinguish. If we consider space as water, then the black hole in the former is an entity that exists in water and infinitely devours water.
The latter, a black hole, exists in water, simply curling the water into a downward-facing hole leading to an infinite Abyss. The water around this hole is completely still, but because of the curling, it has a downward potential energy on its surroundings, so everything falls into its interior—this is Gravity.
Human scientists are not all black and white; some have put forward their own views based on these two schools of thought. They believe that both have their merits and are also biased. If space is regarded as water, then the swallowing of a black hole should be a process of rapidly twisting and rotating with the flow of water, while also giving all surrounding matter the potential energy to fall inward.
Of course, this is just a somewhat inappropriate analogy; the situation with black holes is certainly much more complex than that with whirlpools in water.
However, these scientists believe their view is correct because it can explain why photons inside Photon Sphere form a stable Photon Sphere, and it can also explain why, General Relativity, photons inside Photon Sphere exhibit a "negative centrifugal force" phenomenon yet remain stable in this region.
Their reasoning is simple: the speed at which space rotates within the Black Hole Photon Sphere is too great due to the strong Gravity. Of course, since spacetime is an integral part of time, this so-called speed of space rotation is actually a form of spacetime distortion.
In other words, the degree of spacetime distortion is greater than the speed of light!
It is known that in the distant depths of the universe, the expansion of spacetime is faster than the speed of light, hence the saying "searching for the First Ray of Light in the universe". Now, this view tells humanity that the spacetime distortion or the rotation speed of space itself in a black hole is also greater than the speed of light.
This results in the speed of light within the black hole never catching up with the space in front of it. In the end, the space itself circles around the black hole and catches up with the light again. This is the reason why humans have arrived at the result of anti-logical calculations by studying photons.
Tachyon, being faster than light, and due to the negative centrifugal force caused by their Negative Mass, fall directly into the black hole, which is consistent with the calculations.
This argument can also be extended to explain the illusion in black hole theory that objects appear to 'stick' to the Event Horizon a black hole after falling into it, never falling into the black hole.
In short, this viewpoint gradually gained acceptance from more and more scientists in subsequent research, to the point that it became almost the new knowledge about black holes for all mankind, and was generally considered correct until other theories came out to refute it.
Because it can explain cosmic phenomena!