Vol. 15Revolution and Retreat
Joseph expanded French influence and became Regent as revolts and wars reshaped Europe. The Polish Army survived its retreat, while Vienna’s uprising proclaimed the Republic of Austria and Hungary moved toward self-government.
- Joseph advanced French financial, theatrical, maritime, and industrial plans while Britain pursued its own expansion and Austria, Poland, and Russia faced political and military crises.
- Alexander I offered territory to secure a ceasefire with the Ottomans as Britain and France maneuvered over alliances, trade, and industry.
- Joseph expanded French naval and industrial projects and secured Egyptian cooperation while Austria suffered defeat and unrest.
- Kościuszko’s army captured Russian cities as the Pereyaslav rebels prepared to retreat from approaching forces.
- Joseph became Regent and appointed Saint-Cyr to guide Kościuszko’s retreat as hunger and Russian attacks threatened the Polish Army.
- Kościuszko’s forces routed the Russians near Muregino and freed thousands of prisoners.
- Joseph learned that Alexandra was pregnant as inflation and repression drove Vienna’s people toward revolt.
- Lucas and the Liberals proclaimed the Republic of Austria, while Hungary formed a National Guard and drafted demands for self-government.