America: The Godfather of Game Development
Chapter 401

Squeezing a discrete graphics card into a laptop

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The materials have been obtained, but now a new problem has arisen.

What about the hardware?

Theme Hospital is not Bullfrog's first "Theme Series" game.

Even the first Theme Park series was released in 1994.

In just a few short years, in an era where Moore's Law was still in effect, that was an insurmountable gap.

If I remember correctly, the minimum requirement for Theme Park should be at least Intel 80386dx...

Lin Lixin tried hard to recall all its parameters.

Just as Intel did in later generations, even in this day and age, Intel's processor model naming is still very fancy.

Even though they are all 80386 chipsets, the performance differences between different models can be enormous.

This so-called "dx" is actually the standard version, also known as the full-power version.

This version truly represents the pinnacle of Intel's manufacturing process, featuring a full 32-bit internal and external bus. It did not compromise on cost by using a 16-bit external bus, nor did it cut corners for power consumption.

The most outrageous thing is the 80386dx... it can also be paired with an 80387dx coprocessor, which is also a 32-bit processor. "That's not a good idea..."

Lin Lixin rubbed his temples with a hint of melancholy.

Intel is not one of those outsiders in the gaming industry; their technological foundation is simply too impressive.

Frankly, it's impossible to achieve the same or even higher performance using ARM, a relatively new technology.

It's unlikely, at least with current technology.

"What's wrong? Is the performance insufficient?"

Vivian, standing nearby, immediately saw through his worries.

Yesterday, Lin Lixin briefly explained the situation to her.

Although she was speechless, she was still very excited about entering the PC game market.

"ARM's performance isn't up to par. If we want to run our games smoothly, we might actually have to partner with Intel."

This is a real headache.

Even though they'll ultimately profit no matter which path they choose, it's still... so frustrating!

"Just add a graphics card, okay?"

"It's theoretically feasible, but we're building a laptop, and the graphics card's power consumption definitely can't handle it..."

If it were possible, Lin Lixin would have done it long ago.

Leaving their own graphics card factory unused is a complete waste of resources.

The problem is, how high is the power consumption of Radeon?

Even if you replace the battery with a nickel-metal hydride battery, you can forget about the battery life if you put this thing in your computer.

Even if battery life is a non-essential requirement in today's world, no one would want to spend a lot of money on a laptop that they absolutely need to connect to a gaming console.

"Hiss... wait? I have to connect to video games?"

Lin Lixin's eyes suddenly lit up.

This might actually be feasible.

Modern gaming laptops or all-around laptops typically come with this feature: when connected to a power source and running in bypass power mode, the computer will unleash its full performance without reservation and activate the high-power dedicated graphics card.

However, if the power supply is disconnected and battery power is switched on, the integrated graphics will be used for display in order to extend battery life.

Of course, this system relies on a set of hardware and software barriers that were only gradually addressed in the late 2010s.

To recreate it now, Lin Lixin needs to immediately begin developing the operating system, redesigning the graphics card, completely overhauling the software ecosystem, rewriting the OpenGL graphics library, redesigning the WDDM driver model, redesigning the BIOS, and developing the PCIe bus ahead of schedule...

If Lin Lixin could actually develop a complete NVIDIA Optimus system in this era, he could be honorably promoted to the title of "Strict Father" across the entire computer science field.

But...

As a fallback option, adopting earlier hardware-level graphics card management technologies might not be entirely unfeasible.

" Vivian, call Ho Kwok Yuen and Jensen Huang here. I have some things to arrange."

We need a new graphics card.

Lin Lixin began to speak.

In fact, even without him saying it, the two of them had probably already guessed when they heard that Lin Lixin had called them to a meeting. After all, out of so many people at Micronova, the team truly responsible for the R&D of graphics cards was the one led by the two of them.

"32-bit? A new next-generation model?"

Jensen Huang is a typical tech geek, an engineer who is always full of passion and dares to fight.

When it comes to new graphics cards, his first thought is naturally to quickly advance into the next era and seize the lead.

Unlike Jensen Huang, Ho Kwok Yuen is a pragmatic businessman and a typical prudent person.

"I'm guessing it's a low-power, inexpensive consumer graphics card?"

He had been keeping an eye on Lin Lixin's actions, including the internal developments at Micronova.

According to his guess, gathering the graphics card team at this time is unlikely to be for technological innovation.

The timing is inappropriate.

"Well... you're both right, we need to do both."

Lin Lixin paused, then looked at Ho Kwok Yuen.

"Gamenova plans to develop a laptop, roughly like the Toshiba makes that you can carry around." "Battery life is a major issue; we need a graphics card that can at least display the necessary content."

"It just needs to meet office needs, like typing forms and organizing documents."

This is the most important requirement for laptops.

Even if the product they're making is actually a game console packaged as an office laptop, it still has to meet that requirement.

Gamenova doesn't need to develop a new, expensive game console.

After saying that, Lin Lixin looked at Jensen Huang.

"As for why I said you're right, it's because I plan to also equip this laptop with one of our next-generation desktop-grade display chips."

"Ha?"

The three people present were all puzzled by what they heard.

Because this sounds like a battle between the left and right brains.

If the goal is to improve battery life by making low-power graphics cards, then why cram in a full-power card?

Faced with their questions, Lin Lixin patiently explained, slowly uttering three letters. "Mux."

A mux, or multiplexer, is a component used to select between multiple channels.

Those present are all leading figures in the field of electrical engineering. If you still don't understand after all this, then you've truly been wasting your time.

Vivian's eyes lit up as she recalled what Lin Lixin had told her about the game, and she immediately understood.

"Lin, do you mean to let users manually choose whether to enable the professional graphics card? To switch to the professional graphics card mode after connecting the power supply when playing games or performing other high-performance tasks?"

"Yes, that's exactly what I mean. We can divide graphics cards into 'stamina cards' and 'speed cards'."

Users can select the graphics card to use via an external toggle switch.

At any given time, the screen will only establish a physical connection with one of the display chips.

However, in that era, this technology was not as smooth and fluid as it is today.

After toggling the switch, users need to wait a long time for the computer to restart and readjust to the new graphics card's parameters.

The first company to use this technology was Sony, which was gearing up to test the waters of the gaming market.

The VAIO-SZ series uses this technology to achieve multi-GPU switching. It wasn't until 10 years later, with the release of Nvidia Optimus, that seamless hot-switching truly emerged in the laptop industry.

Lin Lixin's estimate was correct; ARM, which had just left Acorn, did not possess the massive financial reserves of other chip companies.

Affordable, low-power, and low-performance – these "advantages" are, in this era, original sins.

Micronova spun off ARM entirely from Acorn, which was in serious financial trouble, for nearly £3 million.

At the same time, Ho Kwok Yuen and Jensen Huang each led two teams to start the research and development of new graphics card models.

As for the operating system, that's something that needs to be considered in the long term.

Even if we start research and development right now, it won't be something that can be done in a short time.

In order to expedite the development of this laptop project, Lin Lixin chose to use Jobs ' Next-Step system as a temporary solution.

This also avoids the need to rebuild the entire office software ecosystem.

Meanwhile, Lin Lixin had already driven all the way from the San Francisco Bay Area to Southern California.

To be precise, it's next door to Blizzard Studio... Bullfrog Studio just moved in.

The two sides are very close together, and many of the houses in this area are rented by people from the two studios.

Even Caneghem, his Infocom studio, and Howard Warshaw, the author of "et," were recently moved here.

In a sense, this place has already become the campus of Gamenova's studios.

It's like Silicon Valley for the semiconductor industry, only much smaller.

"Lin, we've been doing this outsourcing work for several months now..."

As Mike Morhaime saw Lin Lixin approaching, he complained with a long face.

The last time we worked on " Americas Truck Simulator," they sent over a huge truckload of instant cereal, and they've almost finished it all.

But so far, we haven't gotten a single major project.

Although they keep getting mini-games and are overwhelmed with outsourcing offers, this can't go on forever.

"What's the rush? Aren't we just building PCs for you guys? Even if it's outsourced, don't slack off. Work hard and hone your skills. I've already prepared projects for you."

Lin Lixin patted Morhaime on the shoulder. Blizzard Studio has honed its skills over time, and its project experience has gradually increased.

Once this PC is fixed, I might actually be able to play some fun games with them.

Seeing that Morhaime seemed to take his words as empty promises, Lin Lixin laughed and patiently said:

"Alright, you guys stop doing outsourcing for now. I'm giving you a task. Do it well until the end of the Christmas season. If it goes well, we can start the project."

"Really?! What kind of mission?"

Upon hearing this, Morhaime immediately perked up and hurriedly asked.

"Work with your two buddies to create a world-building project; I'm planning to make a dark gothic RPG."

"Dark gothic style... I get it."

Lin Lixin patted him on the shoulder and shoved him aside.

"Keep it up! If the quality is up to par, our first shot in the 90s will be fired by you."

After saying that, he headed straight for the Bullfrog Studio.

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