Inner World

Biodata

Power Progression

History

Creation

Dao Xuan chose World-Proving Dao after finding Heaven-Piercing Jianmu, the damaged remnant of the Chaos Spiritual Root known as the World Tree. This path binds his Dao Fruit to a world he creates: as the world evolves, his cultivation rises with it. 5

After consolidating Chaos Island and reaching the Middle Daluo Golden Immortal realm, Dao Xuan opened the Inner World inside his body. He destroyed his internal Dao Sea with his Supreme Great Principle Dao Fruit, created a void isolated from the outside world, and released Chaos qi stored in twelve Sea-Calming Divine Pearls. He then established Earth, Water, Fire, and Wind to form its first heaven and earth. 6

The elemental origins nearly destroyed the nascent Heaven and Earth Fetal Membrane. Heaven-Piercing Jianmu, the Gourd Vine, the Enlightenment Tea Tree, and the Twelfth-Rank World-Cleansing White Lotus suppressed the turmoil; Jianmu supported heaven and earth while the other roots expanded space and time. 7

Dao Xuan’s true form, the Four Symbols Banana Tree, fused with Jianmu through the world’s origin. Jianmu became the central World Tree, extending around and beyond the fetal membrane. Dao Xuan’s Primordial Spirit entered the world and became its Heavenly Dao, granting him authority over its internal changes. 7

Initial Completion

Using Four-Colored Divine Light, Dao Xuan opened the world to the chaos void. Its strengthened fetal membrane refined incoming chaos qi into innate spiritual qi, allowing the Inner World to sustain itself and earning Dao Xuan Great Dao Merit. 7

Dao Xuan used that merit to create the Azure Dragon, Vermilion Bird, White Tiger, and Black Tortoise. He then sacrificed the origins of the twelve Sea-Calming Divine Pearls: six became Heaven Realms above the world, while six became Hell Realms beneath it. 8

The initial structure remained incomplete. Its Heaven Realms lacked a true sun, moon, and stars, while its Hell Realms lacked reincarnation and the Six Paths; Dao Xuan created a temporary sun from fire to illuminate the world. 8

Celestial Development and Reincarnation Plans

During Hongjun’s sermon, the world’s Stellar Law became more complete. Stars appeared, solar and lunar energies formed a genuine sun and moon, and their movements established day and night in place of the previous permanent divisions of light and darkness. Dao Xuan’s gains from the lecture also supplied the three thousand Great Dao laws and accompanied his advancement to Perfected Daluo Golden Immortal. 13 14

Reincarnation remained an unresolved deficiency. Dao Xuan considered comprehending Life and Death and uniting them into the Reincarnation Dao, but judged this less practical than studying Houtu’s future Six Paths of Reincarnation. He temporarily prioritized the Four Symbols Laws and the world’s growth instead. 18

Advancement into a Middle Thousand World

After refining the Primordial Golden Dipper and digesting his gains from Zixiao Palace, Dao Xuan used the Eye of Heavenly Dao to lead the world’s transformation. The Four Divine Beasts expanded its boundaries while the World Tree absorbed chaos qi and converted it into innate spiritual qi. 22

The Main World successfully advanced into a Middle Thousand World. Jianmu reclaimed its identity as the Chaos Spiritual Root World Tree, and three thousand Lesser Thousand Worlds formed beneath its branches to surround and stabilize the Main World. 22

Completion of the Five-Element Spiritual Roots

Dao Xuan sought spiritual-root cuttings and law-bearing treasures to accelerate the world’s development. The World Tree’s origin, Three Lights Divine Water, and Nine Heavens Breath Soil allowed him to cultivate cuttings into new Innate Spiritual Roots without acquiring their complete parent trees. 24

After adding the Ginseng Fruit Tree, Myriad Transformations Treasure Lotus, Starfruit Tree, Fusang Tree, and Moon Laurel Tree, Dao Xuan created the Three Talents Divine Lamps to assist expansion. The growing completeness of the Three Talents Laws also increased the Four Divine Beasts’ intelligence. 30 31 36 37 38

Dao Xuan subsequently transformed abundant Innate Geng Metal Origin into a Mid-Grade Bodhi Tree. He directed the World Tree, Fusang Tree, Ginseng Fruit Tree, and Bodhi Tree into a mutual-generation cycle, circulating Jia Wood, Bing Fire, Wu Earth, and Geng Metal origins. The strengthened Bodhi Tree eventually generated enough Ren Water Origin for him to create an Immortal Peach Tree at the north pole beside the Myriad Transformations Treasure Lotus. 45

The complete five-root system caused the world to expand from within rather than relying primarily on territory carved from external chaos. When energy consumption exceeded the fetal membrane’s original conversion capacity, the roots merged their powers into it and greatly improved its refinement of chaos qi. Dao Xuan, the lamps, and the beasts stabilized the expansion, bringing the world to the middle phase of a Middle Thousand World. 46

Dao Xuan rewarded the contributors with Heavenly Dao Merit. The transformation also advanced his cultivation to Mid-Stage Primordial Golden Immortal and accelerated the development of laws beyond the Five Elements. 46 47

Yin-Element Foundations and Ecological Development

To further develop the Five Elements Law, Dao Xuan obtained a section of the Gourd Vine for Yi Wood and selected the Moon Laurel Tree for Gui Water. He favored the Moon Laurel over the Myriad Transformations Treasure Lotus because of its purer origin, Lunar attribute, and greater potential. 47

He then created illusory foundations for Earth Ginseng, a Fire Jujube Tree, and an Apple Tree, representing Ji Earth, Ding Fire, and Xin Metal. These completed the arrangement of ten Yin-Yang Five-Element roots, although the three new roots were expected to need several hundred yuanhui to develop from illusion into reality. 49

Dao Xuan also used modified Kunpeng blood essence and localized time acceleration to produce the Azure Abyssal Mysterious Whale. Its role was to animate the oceans and connect marine, terrestrial, and atmospheric circulation, complementing the spiritual roots and the gestating Sun-Moon Celestial Roc. 49 50

Recognizing that mission-bound divine creations alone would not provide sufficient species diversity, Dao Xuan sought deeper insights into Creation, Time, Space, and Stellar Laws. His discussions with Nuwa and Fuxi helped him reshape the world’s celestial and terrestrial arrangements, while the whale’s scattered essence supported the emergence of marine life. 51 52

Late Development and the Sea-Calming Divine Pearls

After returning to Chaos Island, Dao Xuan merged a genuine Immortal Peach Tree given by Hongjun with the tree he had created. He also reduced the Plain Cloud Boundary Flag to its origin to strengthen the world’s Innate Xin Metal. Continued seclusion brought him to Late-Stage Primordial Golden Immortal, while the Main World and its three thousand subsidiary Lesser Thousand Worlds approached their developmental limits. 57

Dao Xuan acquired Zhao Gongming’s twenty-four Sea-Calming Divine Pearls and fused them with the twelve already integrated into the Inner World. The full set’s origins and the world’s power produced thirty-three Heaven Realms and thirty-three Hell Realms, strengthening the Four Symbols, Space, Water, and Stellar Laws. 58 59

Despite these gains, neither the world nor Dao Xuan immediately crossed the next major threshold. The world required the perfection of a foundational law, not merely an increase in resources. Dao Xuan therefore stopped forcing the Five Elements Law’s development and traveled through the Primordial World, comparing its structure with his own cosmos. 59

Further Dao discussions and several dozen yuanhui of cultivation brought Dao Xuan to Primordial Golden Immortal Perfection. His efforts to return the Five Elements to a single invisible principle nearly completed the law, but its divine lights ultimately reappeared, demonstrating that one final step remained. 60 61

Absorption of Chaos World and Hunyuan Attainment

A sensation connected to the World Tree led Dao Xuan into the surrounding chaos, where he discovered another Middle Thousand World. He theorized that it had formed from a remnant of the Space Demon God’s original body and identified its conscious Heavenly Dao as Chaos, matching the primordial Greek Mythology World. 61 62 63

Dao Xuan attacked from outside rather than entering a world controlled by a hostile Heavenly Dao. The Four Divine Beasts, Azure Abyssal Mysterious Whale, and Three Talents Divine Lamps defeated its primordial deities, after which the Four Divine Beasts established the Four Symbols Formation to refine the world. 62 64 66

Dao Xuan suppressed Chaos’s consciousness and reduced the defeated world to World Origin, whose core was the Space Law. He placed that origin within the World Tree, triggering the Inner World’s advancement into a Greater Thousand World. Its three thousand surrounding Lesser Thousand Worlds became Middle Thousand Worlds, while some smaller worlds also began ascending. The Five Elements Law reached completion, allowing Dao Xuan to prove the Dao and become a Hunyuan Daluo Golden Immortal. 67

During the subsequent stabilization, the stars—including the Solar and Lunar Stars—expanded tenfold. Dafeng completed his transformation into the Sun-Moon Celestial Roc, and Dao Xuan established a central Qilin from the Earth Origin of the Human Realm’s Earth Immortal Realm. He also integrated the Dark Cloak and Invisibility Helmet’s origins, gave the Thunder treasure to Azure Dragon, and retained the Earth Trident for refinement and study after failing to destroy it. 68

Hongjun’s Inspection and Further Goals

Dao Xuan later explained World-Proving Dao to Hongjun and voluntarily allowed him to inspect the Greater Thousand World. Hongjun praised its unprecedented structure and the World Tree’s integration with it, recognizing the method as a possible basis for his own eventual separation from the Primordial World’s Heavenly Dao. 79

Dao Xuan’s next world-development goal was an Origin World, a level above Greater Thousand World. He hoped Hongjun’s connection to the Primordial World could help locate other unusual worlds whose origins could accelerate that growth. Hongjun also explained that attaining Hunyuan Taiji would require Dao Xuan to perfect a second complete law and fuse it with the first; the Inner World’s already-integrated laws could make this easier than conventional Law-Proving Dao. Neither advancement had yet been achieved. 79

Cosmology and Governance

The subsidiary-world hierarchy follows a stabilizing rule: three thousand worlds of the next lower tier guard the Main World. Dao Xuan’s original model anticipated that, after the Main World became a Greater Thousand World, each subordinate Middle Thousand World would in turn be supported by three thousand Lesser Thousand Worlds. The advancement of the principal three thousand subsidiary worlds is realized when Chaos World’s origin is absorbed. 22 67

Abilities & Functions

World Authority

Dao Xuan can mobilize the Inner World’s power because his Primordial Spirit governs it as Heavenly Dao. While it was still a Lesser Thousand World, this allowed him to wield strength comparable to a Primordial Golden Immortal despite his lower visible cultivation. 15

• The world’s growth directly increases Dao Xuan’s cultivation and the strength available to him. 5 23
• Dao Xuan can merge with the Eye of Heavenly Dao to personally guide major transformations. 22
• Fully drawing upon its power can severely strain Dao Xuan’s physical body, leaving cracks across it. 42
• At the middle-stage Middle Thousand World level, its laws allow him to command numerous principles, including Yin-Yang, Five Elements, Time-Space, Karma, and Fate, with near-omnipotent authority inside his own world. 47
• Its Heavenly Dao can grant merit to spiritual roots, divine beasts, and treasures for their contributions, restoring their expenditure and supporting further growth. 46
• The growth of one foundational law and the resulting expansion benefit the world’s other laws, producing compounding development rather than isolated improvement. 47
• The world’s advancement into a Greater Thousand World and the completion of the Five Elements Law directly enable Dao Xuan’s Hunyuan Daluo Golden Immortal breakthrough. 67

Chaos Refinement and Expansion

The Heaven and Earth Fetal Membrane withstands chaos currents and refines chaos qi into innate spiritual qi, sustaining the world’s continued development. 7

• The World Tree absorbs, circulates, and transforms chaos qi for the Main World and its subsidiary worlds. 22
• The Four Divine Beasts open chaos at the world’s extremities to expand its territory. 22
• Dao Xuan can simulate the Inner World’s operation through the Lesser Thousand World within the Myriad Laws Staff, using it for world-related killing techniques without openly exposing World-Proving Dao. 9 10
• Completion and strengthening of the Five Elements Law allow expansion from within, pushing aside external chaos rather than relying solely on newly carved territory. This still requires an enormous energy supply. 46
• The five Yang-element roots can combine their powers with the fetal membrane to greatly increase chaos conversion and support rapid expansion. 46
• Absorbed World Origin can accelerate development far beyond the world’s natural evolution. Chaos World’s Space-centered origin supplies the decisive opportunity for Greater Thousand World advancement. 67

Creation by Rotation

The Inner World’s Heavenly Dao can break down spiritual treasures and repurpose their law origins into new structures or spiritual roots. 31 32

• The World-Ending Mill destroys and extracts the origin of a target treasure; within the Inner World, it can possess top-grade Innate Spiritual Treasure-level force. 31
• Creation by Rotation transforms extracted origin into a new creation rather than merely destroying it. 31
• This process created the Myriad Transformations Treasure Lotus from a World-Cleansing White Lotus sapling and the destroyed Azure Tide Bottle. 31
• Creating an Innate Spiritual Root requires immense resources; a treasure generally needs an exceptionally pure law origin and at least Supreme-Grade quality. 32
• Dao Xuan later uses concentrated Geng Metal Origin to create a Mid-Grade Bodhi Tree and accumulated Ren Water Origin to create an Immortal Peach Tree. 45
• The Bodhi Tree, Fusang Tree, Ginseng Fruit Tree, and Moon Laurel Tree cultivated or created in this system are fully authentic within the Inner World but would weaken if removed from it. 45
• With greater authority over Yin-Yang Five Elements, Dao Xuan can establish illusory spiritual-root foundations and allow the world’s laws to mature them gradually into reality. 49
• The world’s power also assists difficult treasure refinement: Dao Xuan spends an aeon refining the Chaos Stubborn Stone of the Treasure-Dividing Cliff into materials for the Myriad Mountains Seal and Four Symbols Qiankun Fan. 59
• Origin extraction is not universally successful. After attaining Hunyuan, Dao Xuan still cannot destroy the Earth Trident and instead refines it to study its Earth Law. 68

Spacetime Manipulation

• Dao Xuan can accelerate time in a selected region by tens of millions of years, as demonstrated during the Azure Abyssal Mysterious Whale’s gestation in the Eastern Sea. 49 50
• This acceleration consumes enormous quantities of World Origin. Its cost depends on how extensively the target is connected to the world’s other laws and structures. 50
• Hastening the Sun-Moon Celestial Roc would affect the Solar and Lunar Stars, the starry sky, and the Yin-Yang Law, making it substantially more expensive than accelerating the whale. Dao Xuan therefore allows the Roc to gestate naturally. 50
• Accelerating the growth of Innate Spiritual Roots can likewise demand astronomical amounts of World Origin, limiting the technique’s usefulness as a general cultivation shortcut. 50
• Spacetime contraction allows Dao Xuan to make the whale’s immense body appear small enough to hold and pet without changing its underlying nature. 50

Life, Ecology, and Heavenly Secrets

The world’s living systems are designed to reinforce its laws and circulation. The spiritual roots, oceanic whale, and celestial Roc form complementary foundations for future life rather than existing solely as combat resources. 49 50

• The Human Talent Law awakens and develops intelligence; its increasing completeness improves the Four Divine Beasts’ consciousness. 37
• The Azure Abyssal Mysterious Whale produces currents and tides through movement and connects sea, land, and sky through breathing and water-vapor circulation. 50
• Essence scattered by the whale can be shaped by the world’s laws into numerous marine lifeforms. Their individual potential is lower than that of beings wholly born from heaven and earth, but the process supports large-scale diversification. 52
• Dao Xuan incorporates insights from Fuxi’s Heavenly Secrets Dao into the arrangement of stars and terrestrial features. Living beings’ thoughts and actions become strands of karma that influence stellar movements and celestial signs. 52
• Creation through Heavenly Dao initially produces beings with defined missions. Dao Xuan recognizes that broader species diversity requires further understanding of the Creation Law. 51

Concealment

Dao Xuan integrated the redesigned Four Symbols Heaven-Sealing Formation with the Inner World. Unless he reveals it himself, even a Saint cannot detect the world. 9

He later voluntarily removes its defenses against Hongjun’s probing, allowing Hongjun to inspect the Greater Thousand World. This is an authorized disclosure rather than a failure of its concealment. 79

Advancement Requirements

• Greater Thousand World advancement requires at least one foundational law to reach perfection. Even resources comparable to an Innate Supreme Treasure cannot substitute for that completion. 47 59
• Dao Xuan selects the Five Elements Law because its spiritual-root system gives it the strongest developmental advantage. 47
• World-Proving Dao permits further advancement through the maturation of additional laws, potentially strengthening Dao Xuan even without directly mobilizing the Inner World. 47
• Hunyuan Taiji requires a second complete law to be perfected and fused with the first. Hongjun considers the Inner World’s preexisting integration of its laws a significant advantage for this process. 79
• Advancing from Greater Thousand World to Origin World remains a future objective requiring vast additional resources. 79

Internal Spiritual Roots and Treasures

• World Tree — The evolved form of Heaven-Piercing Jianmu after its fusion with Dao Xuan’s Four Symbols Banana Tree; the world’s central support and chaos-refining source. It serves as the Jia Wood root of the Yang Five Elements and digests Chaos World’s origin during the Greater Thousand World breakthrough. Its leaves contain embryonic realms, its flowers contain Lesser Thousand Worlds, and fruits nurtured by its essence contain Middle Thousand Worlds. 7 22 45 58 67 93
• Gourd Vine — One of the roots that stabilized the Inner World’s creation and expanded its space and time. A section willingly provided to Dao Xuan becomes the Yi Wood foundation of the Yin Five-Element system. 7 47
• Enlightenment Tea Tree — A stabilizing spiritual root permitted to share in the creation blessing. Its spirit later takes human form as Xuanming, Dao Xuan’s disciple. 7 70
• Twelfth-Rank World-Cleansing White Lotus — Supports the world’s development and later produces saplings used in Dao Xuan’s creations. 7 31
• Ginseng Fruit Tree — A lower-grade tree cultivated from Zhen Yuanzi’s branch; nourishes world origin and develops the Earth Law. It supplies Wu Earth Origin within the Yang Five-Element cycle. 30 45
• Myriad Transformations Treasure Lotus — A water-attributed spiritual root planted in the Northern Sea; produces Innate Kui Water Essence, creates water veins, and regulates currents. Dao Xuan later chooses the Moon Laurel Tree rather than this lotus as the principal Gui Water root for completing the Yin-element arrangement. 31 32 47
• Starfruit Tree, Fusang Tree, and Moon Laurel Tree — Branches cultivated in the highest Heaven Realm, Solar Star, and Lunar Star respectively; their addition accelerates the world’s evolution and strengthens its Yin-Yang Law. Fusang supplies Bing Fire for the Yang-element cycle, while Moon Laurel serves as the selected Gui Water root. 36 37 45 47
• Bodhi Tree — A Mid-Grade Innate Spiritual Root created from abundant Geng Metal Origin through Creation by Rotation. It receives Wu Earth Origin, supplies the Metal position, and generates the Ren Water Origin used to create the Immortal Peach Tree. 45
• Immortal Peach Tree — Initially created from Ren Water Origin and planted at the north pole beside the Myriad Transformations Treasure Lotus, completing the Yang Five-Element system. It is later merged with a genuine Immortal Peach Tree supplied by Hongjun; its peaches support enlightenment. 45 57 60
• Earth Ginseng — The Ji Earth root established as an illusory foundation in the eastern lands. Its humanoid underground body is the Yin counterpart of the Wu Earth Ginseng Fruit Tree. 49
• Fire Jujube Tree — The Ding Fire root established as an illusory foundation in the southern lands. It complements the Fusang Tree by transforming intense Solar Fire into gentler Ding Fire. 49
• Apple Tree — The Xin Metal root established as an illusory foundation in the northwest. The world’s Xin Metal is subsequently reinforced with the Plain Cloud Boundary Flag’s origin. 49 57
• Primordial Golden Dipper — Stored within the Inner World and refined by Dao Xuan’s Heavenly Dao Primordial Spirit. Its Space and Purification Laws are active, but its anticipated Reincarnation Law has not yet manifested when Dao Xuan examines it. 22
• Sea-Calming Divine Pearls — Their origins are incorporated into the world rather than retained solely as an external treasure set. The original twelve create six Heaven Realms and six Hell Realms; the complete thirty-six later produce thirty-three of each. 8 59
• Plain Cloud Boundary Flag — Reduced to its origin to strengthen the world’s Innate Xin Metal. 57
• Earth Trident — An Innate Supreme Treasure captured from Gaia. Dao Xuan fails to destroy it for immediate origin integration and instead refines it to study an Earth Law distinct from Four Symbols Earth. 64 66 68
• Thunder — A treasure captured from Tartarus and bestowed on Azure Dragon. 64 66 68
• Dark Cloak and Invisibility Helmet — Treasures captured from Erebus and Nyx, then destroyed so their origins can be integrated into the world. 64 66 68

Yin-Yang Five-Element Arrangement

Three Talents Divine Lamps

The lamps form a Three Talents formation around the Heaven and Earth Fetal Membrane. Their flames break apart chaos, refine Earth, Water, Fire, and Wind, and expand the world alongside—not in place of—the Four Divine Beasts. 38

All three lamps depend on the Inner World’s special privileges and Heavenly Dao blessing for their full Innate Spiritual Treasure status. Dao Xuan originally designs them for internal development rather than external deployment. Unlike the living beasts, the lamps can continue their work without nourishment, although their flames can dim after heavy expenditure. 38 46

During the Five-Element-driven expansion, the lamps separately guard the Heaven-Earth-Human realms while the Four Divine Beasts suppress the four extremities. After stabilization, they resume carving through chaos and receive Heavenly Dao Merit for their contributions. 46

Dao Xuan later deploys them in the battle against Chaos World. The Dark Profound Soul-Delivering Lamp disorients the defending deities, and the three lamps establish the Three Talents Demon-Refining Formation around Gaia. The formation refines Gaia to death and traps the Earth Trident before Chaos can reclaim it. 66

Relationships

• Dao Xuan — Creator, master, and living Dao foundation. The Inner World’s advancement is the method by which he proves the World Dao. Its Greater Thousand World transformation enables his Hunyuan Daluo Golden Immortal attainment. 5 23 67
• Heavenly Dao Primordial Spirit — Dao Xuan’s Primordial Spirit governing the Inner World; it acts with complete rationality and can advise Dao Xuan independently. Its Eye of Heavenly Dao becomes substantially stronger as the world expands. 7 31 46
• World Tree — Central pillar and primary chaos-refining spiritual root; it supports the Main World and shelters its surrounding worlds. It also links the Five-Element cycle and processes the external World Origin that enables advancement. 22 45 67
• Azure Dragon, Vermilion Bird, White Tiger, and Black Tortoise — Divine guardians born through Great Dao Merit. They stabilize the four directions and help expand the world. Dao Xuan treats their developing consciousness with paternal affection, and they later assist in refining Chaos World. 8 22 38 66 67
• Central Qilin — A fifth directional guardian created from the Earth Immortal Realm’s Earth Origin after the completion of the Five Elements. 68
• Three Talents Divine Lamps — Internal treasures created to accelerate world expansion and reduce the burden on the Four Divine Beasts. They also stabilize major transformations and serve as a decisive formation against Gaia. 38 46 66
• Azure Abyssal Mysterious Whale — A divine beast created from modified Kunpeng blood essence, regarded affectionately by Dao Xuan as his child. Its oceanic authority complements Black Tortoise’s duties rather than displacing them, and its essence supports marine life. 49 50 52
• Sun-Moon Celestial Roc / Dafeng — The sky-ruling counterpart to the whale, born as a Daluo Golden Immortal after the Greater Thousand World transformation. Dafeng calls Dao Xuan “Celestial Venerable” rather than “Father God” out of loyalty to Yuanfeng, and Dao Xuan respects this distinction. 50 68
• Gourd Vine — An intelligent spiritual-root companion that shared in the world’s creation and willingly supplies a section of its body for the Yi Wood system after Dao Xuan repeatedly teaches it and treats it as a fellow Daoist. 7 47
• Nuwa and Fuxi — Sources of Creation and Heavenly Secrets insights that help Dao Xuan diversify life and link the world’s celestial configuration to Karma and Fate. 51 52
• Houtu — The anticipated source of understanding for establishing the Six Paths of Reincarnation. Dao Xuan plans to study her eventual accomplishment rather than prematurely diverting his cultivation toward Life and Death. 18 22
• Chaos World / Chaos — A hostile Middle Thousand World and its conscious Heavenly Dao. Its destruction supplies Space-centered World Origin that advances the Inner World into a Greater Thousand World. 62 63 67
• Hongjun — Supplies a genuine Immortal Peach Tree and later inspects the Inner World with Dao Xuan’s permission. He regards World-Proving Dao as an unprecedented method and a possible foundation for his eventual liberation from the Primordial World’s Heavenly Dao. Dao Xuan hopes Hongjun can also help locate further world-origin resources. 57 79

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