Chapter Summaries

Key Plot Points and Events

• Saiyans successfully transferred to Fell Planet by Kasso's Instant Transmission.
• Frieza arrives at Planet Vegeta, intending to destroy it.
• Saiyans transform into Great Apes in response to Frieza's attack.
• Ginyu Force surrounds Planet Vegeta to prevent Saiyan escape.

Character Developments

• Bardock demonstrates leadership and concern for his people's safety.
• King Vegeta reveals his hidden resistance against Frieza.
• Frieza shows his true colors and power, instilling fear in the Saiyans.

Significant Themes

• The Saiyans' struggle for survival and resistance against oppression.
• The stark contrast between the Saiyans' strength and Frieza's overwhelming power.
• The theme of transformation, both literal (Great Ape transformation) and metaphorical (Saiyans' change in resolve).

Character Interactions

• Bardock and his subordinates discuss their situation and Frieza's threat.
• King Vegeta and Frieza engage in a tense standoff, leading to the Saiyans' Great Ape transformation.
• Frieza's subordinates, including Dodoria, follow his orders to surround Planet Vegeta.

Key Plot Points and Events

• The Saiyans transform into Great Apes, causing chaos and decimating Frieza's forces.
• Frieza watches the battle from above, initially underestimating the Saiyans' power.
• Kasso appears, punches Frieza, and disappears using Instant Transmission, enraging Frieza.

Character Developments

• Frieza: Initially indifferent to his subordinates' casualties, he becomes enraged after being punched by Kasso, revealing his volatile temperament.
• Dodoria: Witnesses the battle and Frieza's actions, feeling reluctant and fearful, but dares not defy Frieza.
• Kasso: Demonstrates immense power and speed, punching Frieza and then disappearing.

Significant Themes

• Power and Strength: The Saiyans' transformation into Great Apes showcases their immense power, catching Frieza off guard.
• Fear and Rage: Frieza's fear of losing control and his subsequent rage at being punched highlight his volatile nature.
• Disparity in Power: The vast difference in power between the Saiyans and Frieza's subordinates leads to heavy casualties among the latter.

Character Interactions

• Frieza and Dodoria: Frieza's indifference to his subordinates' lives contrasts with Dodoria's reluctance, leading to a tense interaction.
• Kasso and Frieza: Kasso's sudden appearance and punch enrage Frieza, setting the stage for future conflict.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Frieza is enraged after being punched by Goku and aims to kill Dodoria for witnessing his loss of composure.
• King Vegeta, in his Great Ape form, leads his Saiyan subordinates against Frieza's forces, believing Frieza to be weak.
• Frieza reveals his true power, with a combat power of 530,000, shocking King Vegeta and his men.
• Frieza uses a Planet Destroyer Bomb to destroy Planet Vegeta, killing King Vegeta and his subordinates.

Character Developments

• Frieza: Reveals his immense power and ruthlessness, demonstrating his status as an emperor of the universe.
• King Vegeta: Initially arrogant and overconfident, he becomes terrified and regretful upon realizing Frieza's true strength.
• Saiyan Subordinates: They follow King Vegeta's orders but are ultimately no match for Frieza's power.

Significant Themes

• Power and its consequences: Frieza's immense power allows him to dominate and destroy, while King Vegeta's underestimation of Frieza leads to his downfall.
• Arrogance and hubris: King Vegeta's overconfidence in his strength and the Saiyans' abilities leads to their demise.
• The cycle of violence: Frieza's invasion and destruction of Planet Vegeta continue the cycle of violence and oppression in the Dragon Ball universe.

Character Interactions

• Frieza vs. King Vegeta: Their interaction highlights the power imbalance between them, with Frieza toying with King Vegeta before destroying him.
• King Vegeta and his subordinates: They initially display unity and confidence but ultimately fail to stand against Frieza's might.
• Frieza and Dodoria: Frieza's anger towards Dodoria for witnessing his loss of composure foreshadows the destruction of Planet Vegeta.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kasso uses Instant Transmission to escape Planet Vegeta before its destruction.
• Frieza's Planet Destroyer Bomb detonates, causing catastrophic destruction on Planet Vegeta.
• The Saiyans in their Great Ape forms attempt to resist but are powerless against the bomb.
• Planet Vegeta explodes, leaving behind only a ring of smoke in the cosmos.
• Frieza and his forces depart, satisfied with the Saiyans' annihilation.

Character Developments

• Kasso remains composed and detached from the destruction of Planet Vegeta, having already saved a portion of the Saiyan population.
• Frieza displays his ruthless and power-hungry nature, destroying Planet Vegeta and its inhabitants without remorse.

Significant Themes

• The cycle of life and death in the universe, as seen through the destruction of Planet Vegeta and the Saiyan race.
• The consequences of power and ambition, exemplified by Frieza's actions.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Frieza have no direct interaction in this chapter, but their actions and thoughts are juxtaposed, highlighting their contrasting personalities and motivations.
• Frieza and Dodoria interact, with Dodoria fawning over Frieza to avoid his wrath.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Planet Vegeta is destroyed by Frieza, leaving Saiyans homeless.
• Saiyans are at risk from Frieza's forces and the entire Frost Demon Race.
• Kasso returns and confirms Planet Vegeta's destruction.
• Kasso reveals his plan to settle Saiyans on their original homeland, Planet Sadala.
• Bardock verifies in space that Saiyans can survive in the vacuum, boosting their morale.

Character Developments

• Saiyans show emotional response to their planet's destruction, contrary to their usual stoicism.
• Bardock's disbelief in Kasso's initial claims about the Dragon Balls leads him to verify their power in space.
• Kasso's leadership and importance to the Saiyans grow as they rely on him for solutions.

Significant Themes

• The impact of loss and destruction on the Saiyans.
• The Saiyans' resilience and adaptability in the face of adversity.
• The power of hope and belief in a better future.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Bardock's relationship strengthens as Bardock begins to trust Kasso's words.
• Saiyans look up to Kasso for guidance and solutions.
• Kasso and Ausbie's bond deepens as Kasso shows affection towards her.
• Gine reflects on her past with Bardock while watching Kasso and Ausbie.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kasso and Ausbie arrive on Planet Sadala, the Saiyans' ancestral home.
• They explore the planet, finding it Earth-like with lush vegetation and wildlife.
• Kasso senses a subtle change within his body, possibly due to the planet's influence.
• They discover remnants of ancient Saiyan architecture.
• Kasso hunts and roasts wild boars for them to eat.

Character Developments

• Ausbie: Shows curiosity and excitement about Planet Sadala, displays her love for food.
• Kasso: Demonstrates his knowledge of Planet Sadala's history and legends, shows care for Ausbie's well-being.

Significant Themes

• The influence of one's home planet on personal power and development (Saiyan ancestral planet).
• The comfort and familiarity of home (Ausbie's reaction to Planet Sadala).

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Ausbie: Kasso cares for Ausbie, ensuring she's fed and comfortable. Ausbie looks up to Kasso and enjoys their time together.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kasso and Ausbie successfully relocate the Saiyan race to their ancestral home, Planet Sadala.
• Kasso, eager to face Goku, trains intensively to increase his power level.
• Kasso and Bardock engage in a fierce battle on Planet Sadala, with Kasso emerging victorious.

Character Developments

• Kasso: Shows his prowess in battle, proving his strength despite his young age. His desire to face Goku drives him to train harder.
• Bardock: Recognizes Kasso's unusual abilities and potential. Despite his pride, he acknowledges Kasso's strength after their battle.

Significant Themes

• Power and strength: Kasso's desire to increase his power level to face Goku, and the Saiyans' focus on training and combat.
• Ancestral home: The Saiyans' return to Planet Sadala, which holds great significance for them.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Bardock: Their intense battle highlights their respective strengths and leads to a newfound respect between them.
• Kasso and Ausbie: Their bond grows stronger as they work together to relocate the Saiyans to Planet Sadala.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Bardock is severely beaten by Kasso, who uses his newfound strength to relentlessly attack him.
• Kasso leaves Planet Sadala with Ausbie to travel to Earth, aiming to obtain Senzu Beans and learn about Gravity Chambers.
• Bardock continues his intense training to improve his strength.

Character Developments

• Bardock becomes more determined to increase his power after being humiliated by Kasso.
• Kasso demonstrates his growing strength and confidence, using Instant Transmission to travel to Earth.

Significant Themes

• The pursuit of power and strength is a central theme, with both Bardock and Kasso driven by this desire.
• The importance of training and hard work is emphasized through Bardock's dedication to improving his abilities.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Bardock's relationship remains tense, with Kasso showing little respect for Bardock's authority.
• Kasso and Ausbie's bond grows stronger as they embark on their journey together.

Key Plot Points & Events

• Kasso and Ausbie arrive on Earth and are observed by Korin and Kami, who sense their immense power.
• Kasso and Ausbie witness a robbery at a Capsule Corp store and Kasso intervenes, retrieving the stolen capsules.
• Dr. Brief agrees to meet Kasso after learning of his intervention.

Character Developments

• Korin and Kami are introduced as guardians of Earth, sensing the arrival of powerful beings.
• Kasso demonstrates his power and disinterest in weak opponents (robber's combat power of 5).
• Dr. Brief is established as a wealthy and influential figure on Earth.

Significant Themes

• The arrival of powerful beings and the potential threat they pose to Earth.
• The contrast between Kasso's power and the weakness of Earth's inhabitants.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Ausbie: Kasso protects Ausbie and teaches her about Earth.
• Kasso and the robbers: Kasso effortlessly disables the robbers, showing his power and disinterest in weak opponents.
• Kasso and Dr. Brief: Kasso seeks a meeting with Dr. Brief to discuss business (manufacturing Gravity Chamber units).

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kasso and Ausbie visit Dr. Brief's estate to request a Gravity Chamber.
• Dr. Brief agrees to create a one-hundred-times gravity chamber for Kasso.
• Kasso demonstrates his strength by jumping onto the roof, surprising Tights and Bulma.

Character Developments

• Kasso shows excitement about the prospect of training in the Gravity Chamber, hinting at his ambition to increase his combat power.
• Tights and Bulma are impressed by Kasso's strength, re-evaluating their initial perception of him as just a little boy.

Significant Themes

• Ambition and determination in pursuit of strength (Kasso's desire to train in the Gravity Chamber).
• First impressions and underestimating others (Tights and Bulma's initial perception of Kasso).

Character Interactions

• Kasso interacts with Dr. Brief, Tights, and Bulma, showcasing his strength and determination.
• Ausbie remains focused on her desire for food, showing her childlike innocence and lack of interest in the adults' conversation.
• Dr. Brief and Mrs. Brief display a calm and welcoming demeanor, treating Kasso and Ausbie kindly despite their initial surprise at Kasso's strength.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Dr. Brief leaves to build a Gravity Chamber for Kasso.
• Kasso demonstrates incredible agility by jumping onto the roof of the Brief residence.
• Bulma expresses interest in learning Kasso's technique, but he declines, saying she's too young.
• Kasso and Ausbie eat an enormous amount of food, leaving Tights and Bulma astonished.
• Kasso and Ausbie fly off, with Bulma witnessing their flight for the first time.
• They reach Korin Tower, with Kasso unaffected by its mental energy barrier.
• Korin, at the top of the tower, is intimidated by Kasso and Ausbie's auras.

Character Developments

• Kasso: Shows off his agility and strength, remains humble about teaching Bulma, and is unaffected by Korin Tower's mental energy barrier.
• Bulma: Witnesses Kasso's abilities, becomes interested in learning martial arts, and is shocked by Kasso and Ausbie's flight.
• Tights: Initially curious about Kasso's technique, she's more interested in writing novels but is amazed by Kasso and Ausbie's appetite and flight.
• Korin: Intimidated by Kasso and Ausbie's auras, shows concern about how to handle their arrival at the top of Korin Tower.

Significant Themes

• The power of martial arts and its impact on society (Bulma's interest and Kasso's refusal to teach her).
• The awe and fear inspired by powerful individuals (Korin's reaction to Kasso and Ausbie).
• The contrast between ordinary humans and martial artists (Kasso's internal monologue about Krillin).

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Bulma: Bulma asks Kasso to teach her his technique, but he declines.
• Kasso and Tights: Tights laughs at Kasso's response to Bulma, finding it amusing that her little sister is interested in martial arts.
• Kasso and Korin: Korin is intimidated by Kasso and Ausbie's auras, showing concern about their arrival at the top of Korin Tower.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kami and Mr. Popo observe Kasso and Ausbie from a distance, impressed by their speed.
• Kasso and Ausbie arrive at Korin Tower, seeking guidance in controlling their 'ki' (life energy).
• Korin, initially intimidated by their power, agrees to help after Kasso assures him they mean no harm to Earth.
• Korin reveals he can teach them to control 'ki', but they must first suppress their immense power, which only Kami can help with.

Character Developments

• Kasso: Shows humility and respect in seeking Korin's guidance, demonstrating his desire to learn and grow stronger.
• Ausbie: Exhibits rare impulsiveness when she thinks Korin is deceiving them, showing her strong desire to learn Earth's cultivation methods.
• Korin: Initially fearful of Kasso and Ausbie's power, he gains confidence after they assure him of their good intentions and agrees to help them.

Significant Themes

• Power and Control: Kasso and Ausbie's immense power is beyond their control, and they need guidance to harness it effectively.
• Trust and Intentions: Korin's initial fear gives way to trust once Kasso assures him of their good intentions towards Earth.
• Learning and Growth: Both Kasso and Ausbie are eager to learn and grow stronger, seeking guidance from Korin and ultimately Kami.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Ausbie: Their bond is evident as Kasso calms Ausbie when she becomes impulsive, showing his protective nature towards her.
• Kasso and Korin: They have a respectful interaction, with Kasso showing humility in seeking Korin's guidance, and Korin eventually agreeing to help them.
• Kami and Mr. Popo: They observe the scene from a distance, with Kami showing surprise and Mr. Popo remaining calm and unruffled.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kami offers to help Kasso learn to control his immense power.
• Kasso and Ausbie wear Weighted Clothing to suppress their power and adapt to it.
• Over a week, they progress from barely moving to running normally while wearing the heavy gear.
• Kami begins to teach them about ki, the life energy present in all living things.

Character Developments

• Kasso: Shows determination and resilience in adapting to the Weighted Clothing, demonstrating his will to master ki.
• Ausbie: Struggles initially but adapts to the Weighted Clothing alongside Kasso, showing her commitment to training.
• Kami: Realizes that Kasso and Ausbie are not wicked but rather talented and innocent, relieving his initial fears about their presence on Earth.

Significant Themes

• Adaptation and perseverance: Kasso and Ausbie must adapt to the Weighted Clothing and push through their limits to progress.
• Ki: The life energy that Kami teaches them about, which will be crucial for their future development.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Kami: Kami helps Kasso and Ausbie, hoping to ensure they won't bring harm to Earth. Kasso shows respect and eagerness to learn from Kami.
• Kasso and Ausbie: They support each other in adapting to the Weighted Clothing, showing a strong bond and commitment to their training together.
• Kami and Mr. Popo: Kami entrusts Mr. Popo with guiding Kasso and Ausbie in their training, highlighting their close relationship and Mr. Popo's role as a trainer.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kasso and Ausbie begin their training with Mr. Popo on the Lookout.
• Mr. Popo tests their ability to snatch an apple from his hand without ringing the bells tied to their ankles.
• Kasso and Ausbie struggle with the task, getting flicked by Mr. Popo for failing.
• After a week, Kasso and Ausbie finally manage to snatch the apple together, completing the first stage of training.

Character Developments

• Kasso: Realizes the importance of inner calm and self-control, learning to focus his mind and body.
• Ausbie: Shows determination and perseverance in her training, learning from Kasso's breakthrough.

Significant Themes

• Patience and perseverance: Both Kasso and Ausbie struggle but ultimately succeed through persistent effort.
• Inner calm and self-control: Kasso discovers the importance of a clear mind for precise, unringing movements.
• Teamwork: Kasso and Ausbie work together to snatch the apple, demonstrating the power of cooperation.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Ausbie: The siblings support and learn from each other throughout their training, fostering a stronger bond.
• Kasso and Mr. Popo: Kasso grows more respectful of Mr. Popo's abilities and wisdom as he learns from him.
• Ausbie and Mr. Popo: Ausbie shows determination and resilience in her training, earning Mr. Popo's praise.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kasso and Ausbie begin the second stage of training with Popo, involving a blindfolded game of hide and seek with bells attached to Popo.
• Kasso realizes the purpose of the second stage is to sense "ki" (life energy) and understands how to control his movements to match the first stage's requirement of no unnecessary movements.
• After two weeks, Kasso and Ausbie successfully complete the second stage, sensing the existence of "ki" but still unable to catch the bell on Popo.
• Popo mentions a third stage, the state of a heart without distractions, but deems Kasso and Ausbie not ready for it.
• Kami allows them to remove their Weighted Clothing, anticipating a significant increase in their power.

Character Developments

• Kasso demonstrates exceptional comprehension and intuition, quickly understanding the purpose of the second stage and mastering the control of "ki."
• Ausbie, though initially ditzy, shows intelligence and learns to sense "ki" with Kasso's guidance.

Significant Themes

• The importance of understanding and controlling one's inner power ("ki") for growth and improvement.
• The progression of training stages, each building upon the previous one.
• The anticipation of increased power and potential after removing the Weighted Clothing.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Ausbie work together, with Kasso guiding Ausbie through the training, demonstrating their growing bond and mutual support.
• Popo's interaction with Kasso and Ausbie shows his approval of their progress, hinting at his role as a mentor and teacher.
• Kami's anticipation of Kasso and Ausbie's power increase after removing the Weighted Clothing reflects his role as an observer and evaluator of their growth.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kasso removes his Weighted Clothing, unleashing his suppressed power, which causes a significant disturbance on the Lookout.
• Ausbie follows suit, revealing her enhanced strength after a month of training.
• Kasso and Ausbie prepare to leave the Lookout, expressing gratitude to Kami and Mr. Popo.

Character Developments

• Kasso: Demonstrates immense power and control over his ki, showing rapid growth in his abilities.
• Ausbie: Shows significant improvement in her ki manipulation and strength, growing from decent to over 6,000 in combat power.
• Kami: Realizes the innocence and good nature of Kasso and Ausbie despite their overwhelming power.

Significant Themes

• Power and Growth: Both Kasso and Ausbie exhibit remarkable growth in their abilities, highlighting the theme of power and its responsible use.
• First Impressions: Kami's initial fear of Kasso and Ausbie gives way to understanding and acceptance, challenging the idea of judging people based on first impressions.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Ausbie: Their bond deepens as they train together and support each other's growth. They also display a playful dynamic, with Ausbie mimicking Kasso's actions.
• Kasso and Kami: Kasso expresses gratitude to Kami for his help, while Kami comes to see Kasso and Ausbie as innocent rather than evil.
• Kasso and Mr. Popo: Mr. Popo's gaze toward Kasso as he leaves seems to hint at some unspoken knowledge or recognition, but its significance is not yet clear.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kasso and Ausbie, having mastered ki, visit Korin Tower.
• Korin is shocked by their ki control, as it's unprecedentedly quick.
• Kasso asks Korin for Senzu Beans, which Korin initially deems useless but agrees to trade.
• Kasso "borrows" Hoi-Poi Capsules and collects fish from the ocean to trade for the beans.

Character Developments

• Korin shows his love for fish and his surprise at Kasso and Ausbie's ki mastery.
• Kasso demonstrates his speed and efficiency in gathering fish and his strategic thinking in trading.

Significant Themes

• The importance and value of Senzu Beans, which Korin initially underestimates.
• The power of ki and its quick mastery by Kasso and Ausbie.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Korin engage in a trade negotiation, with Kasso cleverly securing a large number of Senzu Beans.
• Ausbie watches the events unfold with curiosity and surprise.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kasso decides to leave some Senzu Beans for Goku and his friends, realizing their importance for recovery.
• Korin understands the true value of Senzu Beans after Kasso's departure and decides to discuss this with Kami.
• Kasso and Ausbie retrieve Goku's Dragon Ball from his home on Mount Paozu.
• Kasso and Ausbie encounter Son Gohan (Goku's grandfather) with baby Goku in the mountains.

Character Developments

• Kasso demonstrates his consideration for Goku's well-being by leaving Senzu Beans.
• Korin gains a new perspective on the value of Senzu Beans.
• Son Gohan is surprised and impressed by Kasso and Ausbie's Flight Technique.

Significant Themes

• The power of Senzu Beans and their importance in recovery.
• The Flight Technique as a symbol of advanced martial arts skill.
• The significance of the Dragon Ball in the Dragon Ball series.

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Korin: Kasso educates Korin about the true power of Senzu Beans.
• Kasso and Ausbie: They work together to retrieve Goku's Dragon Ball.
• Kasso and Son Gohan: Kasso greets Son Gohan, who is amazed by their Flight Technique.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Gohan finds an infant (Goku) in a spaceship and has been taking care of him.
• Goku's relatives, Kasso and Ausbie, arrive and ask Gohan to continue caring for Goku.
• Kasso and Ausbie leave, taking a Dragon Ball with them, which Gohan doesn't mind.
• In West City, Dr. Brief completes the Gravity Chamber as requested by Kasso.

Character Developments

• Gohan shows kindness and willingness to care for Goku, despite initial reluctance.
• Kasso and Ausbie demonstrate their strength and caring nature towards Goku.
• Dr. Brief showcases his scientific prowess by creating the advanced Gravity Chamber.

Significant Themes

• Family and Belonging: The chapter explores the theme of family and belonging, with Goku being reunited with his relatives and Gohan feeling a sense of responsibility towards him.
• Trust and Responsibility: Gohan's trust in Goku's family and his sense of responsibility towards the infant are highlighted.
• Technology and Innovation: Dr. Brief's creation of the Gravity Chamber emphasizes the theme of technological advancement and innovation.

Character Interactions

• Gohan and Goku's relationship is established, with Gohan acting as a caretaker and Goku as the dependent.
• Kasso and Ausbie interact with Gohan, showing respect and gratitude towards him.
• Dr. Brief interacts with Kasso and Tights, showcasing his pride in his creation and eagerness to share it.

Key Plot Points and Events

• Kasso visits Dr. Brief's lab and sees the Gravity Chamber, which can simulate high gravity for training.
• Kasso tests the Gravity Chamber at 25 times Earth's gravity and feels its effects on his body and strength.
• A hidden music player in the Gravity Chamber plays a loud, upbeat song, a prank set up by Dr. Brief.
• Kasso exits the chamber, and Bulma asks him to teach her how to fly. She then asks Ausbie instead.
• Ausbie agrees to take Bulma for a flight, and they leave together.

Character Developments

• Kasso: Shows excitement and eagerness to test the Gravity Chamber. He adapts to its high gravity effects and notices a slight increase in his strength. He remains speechless about Dr. Brief's prank but is grateful for the Gravity Chamber's benefits.
• Dr. Brief: Proud of his inventions, particularly the Gravity Chamber and his Music System. He plays a prank on Kasso using the music player in the chamber.
• Bulma: Eager to learn how to fly after seeing Kasso and Ausbie fly. She asks Kasso first, then turns to Ausbie when he doesn't respond.
• Ausbie: Initially reluctant, she agrees to take Bulma for a flight after some persuasion. She seems to enjoy having a little sister and shows a mature side.

Significant Themes

• The power of technology and invention (Dr. Brief's Gravity Chamber and Music System).
• The importance of training and hard work (Kasso's adaptation to high gravity and strength increase).
• The joy of learning new things (Bulma's eagerness to learn how to fly).
• The bond between sisters (Ausbie and Bulma's growing friendship).

Character Interactions

• Kasso and Dr. Brief: Kasso tests the Gravity Chamber, and Dr. Brief observes his reaction, hoping for positive feedback.
• Kasso and Bulma: Bulma asks Kasso to teach her how to fly, but he doesn't respond, leading her to ask Ausbie instead.
• Ausbie and Bulma: Ausbie agrees to take Bulma for a flight, showing a mature and caring side. They leave together, forming a bond.